Repacholi B M
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
Dev Psychol. 1998 Sep;34(5):1017-25. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.34.5.1017.
This study explored 14- and 18-month-old infants' ability to identify the target of an emotional display. In the visual task, infants were presented with 2 boxes. Each box contained an object that could be identified by opening the box lid and looking inside. In the tactile task, the objects had to be pulled out of the boxes before they could be seen. An experimenter expressed happiness as she looked or put her hand inside one box, and disgust as she repeated this action with the other box. Infants were then allowed to explore the boxes. Infants touched both boxes but preferred to search for the happy object. Thus, regardless of age or task, infants identified the target of each emotional display as something inside a box and not the box itself. Infants appeared to use the experimenter's attentional cues (gaze and action) to interpret her emotional signals and behaved as if they understood that she was communicating about the objects.
本研究探讨了14个月和18个月大婴儿识别情绪表达目标的能力。在视觉任务中，向婴儿展示两个盒子。每个盒子里都有一个物体，通过打开盒盖并往里面看就能识别。在触觉任务中，必须先把物体从盒子里拿出来才能看到。当实验者看向一个盒子或把手伸进这个盒子时，她表现出高兴的情绪；当她对另一个盒子重复这个动作时，表现出厌恶的情绪。然后让婴儿探索这些盒子。婴儿触摸了两个盒子，但更喜欢寻找令人高兴的物体。因此，无论年龄或任务如何，婴儿都将每种情绪表达的目标识别为盒子里的某个东西，而不是盒子本身。婴儿似乎利用实验者的注意力线索（目光和动作）来解读她的情绪信号，并且表现得好像他们理解她是在就物体进行交流。
