Division of Nutrition Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
J Nutr. 2010 Feb;140(2):402-6. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.114488. Epub 2009 Dec 23.
Although studying the effect of supplementation on maternal health or the outcome of pregnancy was not a primary goal of the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama Oriente Longitudinal Study, many important findings in these areas were produced. As part of the study, a food supplementation program was implemented. Two villages received Atole, a gruel containing protein and energy, and 2 matched villages received a refreshing, low-energy drink containing no protein. Both drinks contained micronutrients. Some women did not choose to consume the supplements and those who did consumed widely varying amounts. More volume of Fresco was consumed than Atole. The energy in the supplements improved birthweight, with no apparent additional benefit from protein or micronutrients. Researchers identified several groups of women who benefited from supplementation more than others by having babies with higher birthweights, including those with poorer current nutritional status and those who consumed high amounts of the supplement continuously from one pregnancy to the next. Results from the study provided an early indication that supplementation might increase the duration of gestation and, thus, reduce preterm birth. On the other hand, maternal supplementation did not substantially alter the duration of postpartum amenorrhea once concurrent infant supplementation was taken into account. Finally, findings from this study provided evidence of a biological trade-off between maintenance of maternal nutritional status and increasing fetal size that was responsive to both current maternal nutritional status and supplement intake but not to the mother's nutritional status earlier in life.
虽然中美洲和巴拿马营养研究所东方纵向研究的主要目标不是研究补充剂对产妇健康或妊娠结局的影响，但在这些领域产生了许多重要的发现。作为该研究的一部分，实施了一项食物补充计划。两个村庄接受了含有蛋白质和能量的 Atole 糊，两个匹配的村庄接受了含有蛋白质的低能量提神饮料。两种饮料都含有微量营养素。一些妇女选择不食用补品，而那些选择食用的人则食用了不同量的补品。 Fresco 的消耗量大于 Atole。补品中的能量提高了出生体重，而蛋白质或微量营养素没有明显的额外益处。研究人员确定了几组受益于补充剂的妇女，她们的婴儿出生体重更高，包括那些目前营养状况较差和连续从一次怀孕到下一次怀孕持续大量摄入补品的妇女。该研究的结果提供了早期的迹象表明，补充剂可能会增加妊娠持续时间，从而减少早产。另一方面，一旦考虑到同时对婴儿进行补充，母亲补充剂并没有显著改变产后无月经的持续时间。最后，这项研究的结果提供了证据表明，在维持母体营养状况和增加胎儿大小之间存在生物学上的权衡，这种权衡对当前母体营养状况和补充剂摄入有反应，但对母亲生命早期的营养状况没有反应。
