Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010 Feb;208(3):427-32. doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1742-x. Epub 2009 Dec 22.
The Questionnaire on Smoking Urges is now very widely used as a measure of craving but is considerably longer than alternatives in current use. Longer scales carry a significant cost in studies and clinical practice. This study compared the ten-item Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU-brief) with six shorter measures of craving in terms of sensitivity to abstinence and reliability.
Sixty smokers were randomly assigned to continue smoking (N = 30) or abstain completely for 24 h (n = 30), by which time the craving would be expected to have increased. Craving was measured at baseline and after 24 h. The craving measures tested were the QSU-brief, the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS), the Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS), the Shiffman Scale (SS), the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale and the Cigarette Withdrawal Scale and a simple rating of 'craving' (CR).
All measures showed significant increases in scores following smoking abstinence. The two-item MPSS measure was similar to the QSU-brief (eta-squared 0.41 versus 0.45, respectively), and the CR was only slightly lower (eta-squared 0.37). The MNWS showed the least sensitivity (eta-squared 0.22). Stability while still smoking was good with the exception of the SS which showed a significant reduction on retest.
The ten-item QSU-brief is not more sensitive to abstinence or reliable than the two-item MPSS or a single rating of craving.
吸烟欲望问卷（Questionnaire on Smoking Urges，QSU）目前被广泛用作渴望程度的衡量标准，但比当前使用的替代方法要长得多。更长的量表在研究和临床实践中会带来显著的成本。本研究比较了十项吸烟欲望问卷（QSU-brief）和六种较短的渴望程度测量方法，评估它们在戒断方面的敏感性和可靠性。
60 名吸烟者被随机分配继续吸烟（N = 30）或完全禁欲 24 小时（n = 30），此时渴望程度预计会增加。在基线和 24 小时后测量渴望程度。测试的渴望程度测量方法包括 QSU-brief、明尼苏达尼古丁戒断量表（Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale，MNWS）、情绪和身体症状量表（Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale，MPSS）、希夫曼量表（Shiffman Scale，SS）、威斯康星吸烟戒断量表（Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale）和香烟戒断量表（Cigarette Withdrawal Scale）以及简单的“渴望”评分（CR）。
所有测量方法在戒烟后评分均显著增加。两项 MPSS 测量方法与 QSU-brief 相似（eta-squared 分别为 0.41 和 0.45），而 CR 略低（eta-squared 为 0.37）。MNWS 显示出最低的敏感性（eta-squared 为 0.22）。在吸烟期间，除了 SS 在复测时显示出显著下降外，其余量表的稳定性都很好。
十项 QSU-brief 与两项 MPSS 或单一的渴望评分相比，在戒断方面并不更敏感或更可靠。
