Perkins Kenneth A, Karelitz Joshua L, Michael Valerie C
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017 Aug;25(4):249-254. doi: 10.1037/pha0000134. Epub 2017 Jun 26.
Because electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) containing nicotine may relieve smoking abstinence symptoms similar to nicotine replacement therapy medication, we used within-subjects designs to test these effects with a first-generation e-cig in nonquitting and quitting smokers. In Study 1, 28 nontreatment-seeking smokers abstained overnight prior to each of 3 sessions. Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) withdrawal (and craving item) relief was assessed following 4 exposures (each 10 puffs) over 2 hr to e-cigs that either did (36 mg/ml) or did not (i.e., placebo, 0 mg/ml) contain nicotine or after no e-cig. Relief was greater after nicotine versus placebo e-cig (p < .05) but not after placebo versus no e-cig, showing relief was due to nicotine per se and not simple e-cig use behavior. Using a crossover design in Study 2, smokers preparing to quit soon engaged in 2 experimental 4-day quit periods on separate weeks. In weeks 1 and 3, all received a nicotine or placebo e-cig on Monday to use ad libitum while trying to abstain from smoking on Tuesday through Friday. (Week 2 involved resumption of ad libitum smoking.) MNWS and Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU) craving were assessed at daily visits following 24-hr abstinence. Of 17 enrolled, 12 quit for ≥24 hr at least once, allowing test of relief because of e-cig use on quit days. Withdrawal and craving were reduced because of nicotine versus placebo e-cig use (both p < .05). In sum, compared with placebo e-cigs, nicotine e-cigs can relieve smoking abstinence symptoms, perhaps in a manner similar to Food and Drug Administration-approved nicotine replacement therapy products, although much more research with larger samples is needed. (PsycINFO Database Record
由于含有尼古丁的电子烟可能会缓解与尼古丁替代疗法药物类似的戒烟症状，我们采用被试内设计，用第一代电子烟对未戒烟和正在戒烟的吸烟者测试这些效果。在研究1中，28名未寻求治疗的吸烟者在3次实验前均进行了过夜戒烟。在2小时内对含有尼古丁（36毫克/毫升）或不含尼古丁（即安慰剂，0毫克/毫升）的电子烟进行4次暴露（每次10口）后，或在未使用电子烟后，评估明尼苏达尼古丁戒断量表（MNWS）的戒断（和渴望项目）缓解情况。与安慰剂电子烟相比，尼古丁电子烟后的缓解效果更显著（p < .05），但安慰剂电子烟与未使用电子烟相比则不然，这表明缓解是由于尼古丁本身，而非单纯的电子烟使用行为。在研究2中，采用交叉设计，准备很快戒烟的吸烟者在不同的周进行2个为期4天的实验性戒烟期。在第1周和第3周，所有人在周一收到尼古丁或安慰剂电子烟，可随意使用，同时在周二至周五尝试戒烟。（第2周恢复随意吸烟。）在24小时戒烟后的每日访视中评估MNWS和吸烟冲动问卷（QSU）的渴望程度。在17名受试者中，12人至少有一次戒烟≥24小时，从而能够测试在戒烟日使用电子烟带来的缓解效果。与使用安慰剂电子烟相比，使用尼古丁电子烟可减轻戒断和渴望程度（p均 < .05）。总之，与安慰剂电子烟相比，尼古丁电子烟可以缓解戒烟症状，可能与美国食品药品监督管理局批准的尼古丁替代疗法产品类似，不过还需要对更多样本进行更多研究。（PsycINFO数据库记录
