Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M6J 1H4, Canada.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021 Jun;238(6):1461-1472. doi: 10.1007/s00213-021-05772-4. Epub 2021 Jan 30.
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are potential tools for smoking cessation because they deliver nicotine and simulate smoking behaviors. The contribution of sensorimotor versus pharmacological substitution is unknown.
To evaluate whether non-nicotinic e-cigarettes, used alone or with nicotine lozenges, can attenuate cigarette craving following visual cue presentation or acute (3 h post ad-lib use) abstinence in dependent daily smokers.
Following overnight (12 hours) abstinence, 41 daily smokers were exposed to 4 experimental conditions on separate days: (i) tobacco cigarettes (CIG); (ii) non-nicotinic e-cigarettes with placebo lozenges (EPL); (iii) non-nicotinic e-cigarettes with 4 mg nicotine lozenge (ENL); and (iv) 4 mg nicotine lozenge (NL). Cigarette craving was assessed following presentation of neutral and smoking cues at various time points using the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU-B) and visual analog scales (VAS).
All experimental conditions significantly reduced participants' baseline overnight abstinence cigarette craving. ENLs and NLs attenuated smoking-cue-induced cravings to a greater extent than CIGs, where cravings were significantly higher with CIGs compared to ENLs [mean difference (MD) ± standard error (SE) in QSU-B = 3.2 ± 0.84, P = 0.002; VAS = 12.7 ± 2.7, P < 0.0005] and NLs [MD ± SE in QSU-B = 2.7 ± 0.92, P = 0.031; VAS = 8.1 ± 2.3, P = 0.005]. Craving responses to cues after 3 h were higher after smoking CIGs compared to ENLs [MD ± SE in QSU-B = 3.9 ± 1.4, P = 0.047; VAS = 14.1 ± 3.6, P = 0.002] and NLs [MD ± SE in QSU-B = 3.2 ± 1.1, P = 0.046; VAS = 9.7 ± 3.1, P = 0.017].
Behavioral simulation of smoking with or without nicotine reduces nicotine craving. Compared to cigarettes, ENL with NL or NL alone attenuates cigarette craving over time. Future clinical trials should evaluate the combination of ENL and NL as a method for smoking reduction or cessation.
NCT02108626.
电子烟（e-cigarettes）可能是戒烟的工具，因为它们可以提供尼古丁并模拟吸烟行为。但目前尚不清楚其作用是源于感觉运动替代还是药理学替代。
评估单独使用或与尼古丁含片联合使用非尼古丁电子烟是否可以减轻依赖于每日吸烟的吸烟者在视觉线索呈现后或急性（使用后 3 小时）戒断时的吸烟渴望。
在经过一夜（12 小时）的戒断后，41 名每日吸烟者在不同的日子分别接受了 4 种实验条件：（i）香烟（CIG）；（ii）含安慰剂含片的非尼古丁电子烟（EPL）；（iii）含 4mg 尼古丁含片的非尼古丁电子烟（ENL）；和（iv）4mg 尼古丁含片（NL）。使用简短吸烟渴望问卷（QSU-B）和视觉模拟量表（VAS）在不同时间点评估中性和吸烟线索呈现后的吸烟渴望。
所有实验条件均显著降低了参与者的基线夜间戒断吸烟渴望。ENL 和 NL 比 CIG 更能减轻吸烟线索引起的吸烟渴望，与 CIG 相比，ENL 和 NL 引起的吸烟渴望明显较低[QSU-B 中的平均差异（MD）±标准误差（SE）=3.2±0.84，P=0.002；VAS=12.7±2.7，P<0.0005]和 NLs[QSU-B 中的 MD±SE=2.7±0.92，P=0.031；VAS=8.1±2.3，P=0.005]。与 ENL 相比，吸烟后 3 小时对线索的反应更高[QSU-B 中的 MD±SE=3.9±1.4，P=0.047；VAS=14.1±3.6，P=0.002]和 NLs[QSU-B 中的 MD±SE=3.2±1.1，P=0.046；VAS=9.7±3.1，P=0.017]。
对吸烟行为进行感觉运动模拟，无论是否含有尼古丁，都可以减轻尼古丁的渴望。与香烟相比，ENL 与 NL 或 NL 单独使用可以随着时间的推移减轻吸烟渴望。未来的临床试验应评估 ENL 和 NL 的联合使用作为减少或戒烟的一种方法。
NCT02108626。
