Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Eau, UMR CNRS 6008, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.
Exp Parasitol. 2010 Sep;126(1):97-102. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.12.005. Epub 2009 Dec 23.
Chlorination is a well-known disinfection method, used in water treatment to inactivate various microorganisms, it induces numerous cellular changes. Even though Acanthamoebae are frequently found in water, the cellular changes induced in Acanthamoebae have not been described in the literature. Acanthamoebae are pathogenic amoebae and may provide a reservoir for pathogenic bacteria such as Legionellapneumophila; it is consequently important to understand the response of this amoeba to chlorination, and our study was indeed aimed at examining cellular changes in Acanthamoebae following chlorination. Acanthamoeba trophozoites were treated at various chlorine concentrations (1-5mg/L). A 3-log reduction in Acanthamoebae population was achieved with 5mg/L of free chlorine. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry experiments indicated that chlorination induced cell permeabilization, size reduction and likely intracellular thiol concentration. Our data show that among the non-cultivable cells some remained impermeabilized (negative staining with propidium iodide), thereby suggesting that these cells might remained viable. A similar state is described in other microorganisms as a VBNC (viable but not cultivable) state. Electron microscopy observations illustrate drastic morphological changes: the pseudopods disappeared and subcellular components, such as mitochondrion, were pronouncedly affected. In conclusion, depending on the concentration used, chlorination leads to many cellular effects on Acanthamoeba that could well arise in cell inactivation.
氯化是一种广为人知的消毒方法，用于水处理以灭活各种微生物，它会引起许多细胞变化。尽管棘阿米巴原虫经常在水中被发现，但在文献中尚未描述其在棘阿米巴原虫中诱导的细胞变化。棘阿米巴原虫是致病的阿米巴虫，可能为嗜肺军团菌等致病菌提供储库；因此，了解这种阿米巴对氯化的反应非常重要，我们的研究确实旨在检查氯化处理后棘阿米巴原虫的细胞变化。用不同浓度的氯（1-5mg/L）处理棘阿米巴滋养体。用 5mg/L 的游离氯可实现棘阿米巴原虫数量减少 3 个对数级。共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞术实验表明，氯化诱导细胞通透性增加、体积缩小和细胞内巯基浓度可能降低。我们的数据表明，在不可培养的细胞中，一些细胞仍然未被渗透（碘化丙啶的阴性染色），因此表明这些细胞可能仍然存活。在其他微生物中，也存在类似的状态，被描述为 VBNC（存活但不可培养）状态。电子显微镜观察表明形态发生剧烈变化：伪足消失，细胞器如线粒体受到明显影响。总之，根据使用的浓度，氯化会对棘阿米巴原虫产生许多细胞效应，这些效应很可能在细胞失活时出现。
