Berjeaud Jean-Marc, Chevalier Sylvie, Schlusselhuber Margot, Portier Emilie, Loiseau Clémence, Aucher Willy, Lesouhaitier Olivier, Verdon Julien
Laboratoire Ecologie and Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers Poitiers, France.
Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, EA 4312, Université de Rouen Evreux, France.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Apr 8;7:486. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00486. eCollection 2016.
Legionella pneumophila, the major causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, is found in freshwater environments in close association with free-living amoebae and multispecies biofilms, leading to persistence, spread, biocide resistance, and elevated virulence of the bacterium. Indeed, legionellosis outbreaks are mainly due to the ability of this bacterium to colonize and persist in water facilities, despite harsh physical and chemical treatments. However, these treatments are not totally efficient and, after a lag period, L. pneumophila may be able to quickly re-colonize these systems. Several natural compounds (biosurfactants, antimicrobial peptides…) with anti-Legionella properties have recently been described in the literature, highlighting their specific activities against this pathogen. In this review, we first consider this hallmark of Legionella to resist killing, in regard to its biofilm or host-associated life style. Then, we focus more accurately on natural anti-Legionella molecules described so far, which could provide new eco-friendly and alternative ways to struggle against this important pathogen in plumbing.
嗜肺军团菌是军团病的主要病原体，存在于淡水环境中，与自由生活的变形虫和多物种生物膜密切相关，导致该细菌的持久性、传播、抗杀菌剂能力和毒力增强。事实上，军团病的爆发主要是由于这种细菌能够在水设施中定殖和持续存在，尽管进行了严格的物理和化学处理。然而，这些处理并非完全有效，经过一段滞后期后，嗜肺军团菌可能能够迅速重新定殖这些系统。最近文献中描述了几种具有抗军团菌特性的天然化合物（生物表面活性剂、抗菌肽等），突出了它们对这种病原体的特定活性。在这篇综述中，我们首先考虑军团菌抵抗杀灭的这一特征，涉及其生物膜或与宿主相关的生活方式。然后，我们更准确地关注迄今为止描述的天然抗军团菌分子，它们可以为在管道系统中对抗这种重要病原体提供新的环保替代方法。
