Hochner Binyamin
Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Life Sciences, and Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation, Edmond J Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2010 Jan 1;2(2):764-71. doi: 10.2741/s99.
The octopus and its close relatives the cuttlefish and squid are the most advanced of the invertebrates, possessing the largest brains both in weight and cell numbers. Here I review recent studies of the neurophysiological properties of the vertical lobe system (VL) in the cephalopod brain, a system already thought to be dedicated to learning and memory. Summarizing from the point of view of comparative evolution, I relate these results to other systems where anatomical and electrophysiological data are available, mainly the insect mushroom bodies and the mammalian hippocampus. The emerging results suggest that a convergent evolutionary process has resulted in similar neural organization and activity-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity in all these learning and memory systems, even though the invertebrate systems conserve their typical anatomical and electrophysiological features. And finally, functional inferences based on the comparison with the insect mushroom.
章鱼及其近亲乌贼和鱿鱼是最先进的无脊椎动物，在重量和细胞数量方面都拥有最大的大脑。在此，我回顾了近期关于头足类动物大脑中垂直叶系统（VL）神经生理特性的研究，该系统已被认为与学习和记忆有关。从比较进化的角度进行总结，我将这些结果与其他可获得解剖学和电生理学数据的系统相关联，主要是昆虫蘑菇体和哺乳动物海马体。新出现的结果表明，尽管无脊椎动物系统保留了其典型的解剖学和电生理特征，但趋同进化过程已导致所有这些学习和记忆系统中出现相似的神经组织和依赖活动的长期突触可塑性。最后，基于与昆虫蘑菇体比较的功能推断。
