Maselli Valeria, Xu Fenglian, Syed Naweed I, Polese Gianluca, Di Cosmo Anna
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
Front Physiol. 2018 Apr 3;9:220. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00220. eCollection 2018.
is a unique model system for studying complex behaviors in animals. It has a large and centralized nervous system made up of lobes that are involved in controlling various sophisticated behaviors. As such, it may be considered as a model organism for untangling the neuronal mechanisms underlying behaviors-including learning and memory. However, despite considerable efforts, Octopus lags behind its other counterparts vis-à-vis its utility in deciphering the cellular, molecular and synaptic mechanisms underlying various behaviors. This study represents a novel approach designed to establish a neuronal cell culture protocol that makes this species amenable to further exploitation as a model system. Here we developed a protocol that enables dissociation of neurons from two specific Octopus' brain regions, the vertical-superior frontal system and the optic lobes, which are involved in memory, learning, sensory integration and adult neurogenesis. In particular, cells dissociated with enzyme papain and cultured on Poly-D-Lysine-coated dishes with L15-medium and fetal bovine serum yielded high neuronal survival, axon growth, and re-growth after injury. This model was also explored to define optimal culture conditions and to demonstrate the regenerative capabilities of adult Octopus neurons after axotomy. This study thus further underscores the importance of Octopus neurons as a model system for deciphering fundamental molecular and cellular mechanism of complex brain function and underlying behaviors.
是研究动物复杂行为的独特模型系统。它有一个由叶组成的大型集中式神经系统，这些叶参与控制各种复杂行为。因此，它可被视为一种模式生物，用于理清包括学习和记忆在内的行为背后的神经元机制。然而，尽管付出了巨大努力，章鱼在解读各种行为背后的细胞、分子和突触机制的效用方面仍落后于其他同类生物。本研究提出了一种新方法，旨在建立一种神经元细胞培养方案，使该物种能够作为模型系统得到进一步利用。在这里，我们开发了一种方案，能够从章鱼两个特定的脑区——垂直-上额叶系统和视叶——分离神经元，这两个脑区参与记忆、学习、感觉整合和成年神经发生。特别是，用木瓜蛋白酶解离并在涂有聚-D-赖氨酸的培养皿中用L15培养基和胎牛血清培养的细胞，在损伤后具有较高的神经元存活率、轴突生长和再生能力。还利用该模型确定了最佳培养条件，并证明了成年章鱼神经元在轴突切断后的再生能力。因此，本研究进一步强调了章鱼神经元作为一种模型系统对于解读复杂脑功能和潜在行为的基本分子和细胞机制的重要性。
