Lin I-Rong, Chiao Chuan-Chin
Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu, Taiwan.
Front Physiol. 2017 Feb 6;8:40. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00040. eCollection 2017.
Modern cephalopods are notably the most intelligent invertebrates and this is accompanied by keen vision. Despite extensive studies investigating the visual systems of cephalopods, little is known about their visual perception and object recognition. In the present study, we investigated the visual processing of the cuttlefish , including visual equivalence and amodal completion. Cuttlefish were trained to discriminate images of shrimp and fish using the operant conditioning paradigm. After cuttlefish reached the learning criteria, a series of discrimination tasks were conducted. In the visual equivalence experiment, several transformed versions of the training images, such as images reduced in size, images reduced in contrast, sketches of the images, the contours of the images, and silhouettes of the images, were used. In the amodal completion experiment, partially occluded views of the original images were used. The results showed that cuttlefish were able to treat the training images of reduced size and sketches as the visual equivalence. Cuttlefish were also capable of recognizing partially occluded versions of the training image. Furthermore, individual differences in performance suggest that some cuttlefish may be able to recognize objects when visual information was partly removed. These findings support the hypothesis that the visual perception of cuttlefish involves both visual equivalence and amodal completion. The results from this research also provide insights into the visual processing mechanisms used by cephalopods.
现代头足类动物是最为智能的无脊椎动物，而且它们有着敏锐的视觉。尽管针对头足类动物视觉系统的研究广泛，但对于它们的视觉感知和物体识别却知之甚少。在本研究中，我们对头足类动物乌贼的视觉处理进行了研究，包括视觉等效性和非模态完整性。使用操作性条件反射范式训练乌贼区分虾和鱼的图像。在乌贼达到学习标准后，进行了一系列辨别任务。在视觉等效性实验中，使用了训练图像的几个变换版本，例如尺寸缩小的图像、对比度降低的图像、图像的草图、图像的轮廓以及图像的剪影。在非模态完整性实验中，使用了原始图像的部分遮挡视图。结果表明，乌贼能够将尺寸缩小的训练图像和草图视为视觉等效物。乌贼也能够识别训练图像的部分遮挡版本。此外，表现上的个体差异表明，一些乌贼在视觉信息部分缺失时可能能够识别物体。这些发现支持了这样的假设，即乌贼的视觉感知涉及视觉等效性和非模态完整性。这项研究的结果也为头足类动物使用的视觉处理机制提供了见解。
