Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2010 Feb;12(2):152-8. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntp188. Epub 2009 Dec 27.
More than 2 million persons are incarcerated in the United States. Most are young minority men, soon to reenter the community. The majority are also lifelong smokers with high rates of health-related problems. As prisons implement smoking bans, it is not known whether health behavior change that is mandated, rather than selected, can be maintained. The Wisconsin Department of Corrections smoking ban is a unique opportunity to investigate determinants of smoking behavior after release from prison.
A convenience sample of 49 incarcerated men near release participated in two interviews (1-month prerelease, in prison, and 1-month postrelease via telephone). Descriptive analyses and multivariate modeling were conducted to determine associations with postrelease smoking.
Participants had a mean age of 36.7 years, 12.4 years of education, and a 2.3-year incarceration; 47% were Black and 41% White. They had smoked 14.5 years. Most (67%) believed that their health was improved after the smoking ban. Paired t tests revealed decreases in Positive and Negative Affect Scale negative affect (p = .001) and Patient Health Questionnaire-8 depression (p = .009) postrelease. Univariate analysis showed correlations of intent to smoke upon release with smoking relapse postrelease (p = .001), White race with smoking relapse postrelease (p = .045), and perceived better health since the prison smoking ban with nonsmoking on release (p = .01). There was a trend toward use of alcohol with smoking relapse on release (p = .061).
Prerelease smoking intention predicted postrelease behavior. Belief in improved health after the prison smoking ban correlated with nonsmoking on release. Targeted relapse prevention interventions are needed for people reentering the community.
美国有超过 200 万人被监禁。大多数是年轻的少数族裔男性，即将重新融入社区。他们中的大多数也是终身吸烟者，健康相关问题的发生率很高。随着监狱实施禁烟令，尚不清楚是否可以维持强制性而不是选择性的健康行为改变。威斯康星州惩教署的禁烟令是一个独特的机会，可以调查从监狱获释后吸烟行为的决定因素。
49 名即将获释的被监禁男性参与了两次访谈（1 个月前在监狱中进行，1 个月后通过电话进行）。进行描述性分析和多元建模，以确定与获释后吸烟相关的因素。
参与者的平均年龄为 36.7 岁，受教育 12.4 年，入狱 2.3 年；47%为黑人，41%为白人。他们吸烟 14.5 年。大多数人（67%）认为禁烟令实施后他们的健康状况有所改善。配对 t 检验显示，消极情感量表的消极情感（p =.001）和患者健康问卷-8 抑郁量表（p =.009）在获释后均有所下降。单变量分析显示，获释时的吸烟意向与获释后复吸相关（p =.001），白种人种族与获释后复吸相关（p =.045），以及自监狱禁烟令实施以来感觉健康状况改善与获释时不吸烟相关（p =.01）。获释时吸烟与饮酒有一定相关性（p =.061）。
获释前的吸烟意图预测了获释后的行为。对监狱禁烟令实施后健康状况改善的信念与获释时不吸烟相关。需要针对重新融入社区的人群开展有针对性的戒烟预防干预措施。
