Valera Pamela, Bachman Lauren, Rucker A Justin
Health Soc Work. 2016 May;41(2):121-8. doi: 10.1093/hsw/hlw014.
Long-term effects of cigarette smoking result in an estimated 443,000 deaths each year, including approximately 49,400 deaths due to exposure to secondhand smoke. Tobacco is a major risk factor for a variety of chronic health problems, including certain cancers and heart disease. In this article, authors present qualitative findings derived from individual interviews with men and women who were incarcerated in New York state and New York City. Participants were 60 racially and ethnically diverse men and women ages 21 through 60 (M = 46.42, SD = 6.88). Of the participants interviewed, 91.7 percent released from a smoke-free correctional facility resumed cigarette smoking and 8.3 percent remained abstinent. Daily consumption ranged from smoking four cigarettes to 60 cigarettes. The four themes that emerged from the study were (1) lifetime exposure to cigarette smoking influences smoking behavior; (2) cigarettes help relieve stress and are pleasurable; (3) there is a relationship between access, availability, and relapse; and (4) smoking cessation strategies are available. Negative influences from participants' families and peers, stressful housing situations, and mandated programs emerged from this study as key challenges to abstaining from smoking cigarettes. Involving family members and partners in smoking cessation interventions could influence newly released justice-involved men and women not to resume cigarette smoking and possibly maintain long-term abstinence.
吸烟的长期影响估计每年导致44.3万人死亡，其中包括约4.94万人因接触二手烟而死亡。烟草是多种慢性健康问题的主要风险因素，包括某些癌症和心脏病。在本文中，作者介绍了对纽约州和纽约市监狱中的男性和女性进行个人访谈得出的定性研究结果。参与者为60名年龄在21岁至60岁之间（平均年龄M = 46.42，标准差SD = 6.88）、种族和民族各异的男性和女性。在接受访谈的参与者中，91.7%从无烟惩教机构获释后又重新吸烟，8.3%保持戒烟状态。每日吸烟量从4支到60支不等。该研究得出的四个主题分别是：（1）终生吸烟经历会影响吸烟行为；（2）香烟有助于缓解压力且令人愉悦；（3）获取渠道、可得性与复吸之间存在关联；（4）存在戒烟策略。研究表明，参与者家庭和同伴的负面影响、紧张的居住环境以及强制项目是戒烟的关键挑战。让家庭成员和伴侣参与戒烟干预可能会影响刚获释的涉司法男性和女性不再重新吸烟，并有可能保持长期戒烟状态。
