Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2009 Dec 30;4(12):e8518. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008518.
To estimate the frequency, molecular epidemiological and clinical associations of infection with the newly described species C variants of human rhinoviruses (HRV), 3243 diagnostic respiratory samples referred for diagnostic testing in Edinburgh were screened using a VP4-encoding region-based selective polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HRV-C along with parallel PCR testing for 13 other respiratory viruses. HRV-C was the third most frequently detected behind respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus, with 141 infection episodes detected among 1885 subjects over 13 months (7.5%). Infections predominantly targeted the very young (median age 6-12 months; 80% of infections in those <2 years), occurred throughout the year but with peak incidence in early winter months. HRV-C was detected significantly more frequently among subjects with lower (LRT) and upper respiratory tract (URT) disease than controls without respiratory symptoms; HRV-C mono-infections were the second most frequently detected virus (behind RSV) in both disease presentations (6.9% and 7.8% of all cases respectively). HRV variants were classified by VP4/VP2 sequencing into 39 genotypically defined types, increasing the current total worldwide to 60. Through sequence comparisons of the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR), the majority grouped with species A (n = 96; 68%, described as HRV-Ca), the remainder forming a phylogenetically distinct 5'UTR group (HRV-Cc). Multiple and bidirectional recombination events between HRV-Ca and HRV-Cc variants and with HRV species A represents the most parsimonious explanation for their interspersed phylogeny relationships in the VP4/VP2-encoding region. No difference in age distribution, seasonality or disease associations was identified between HRV-Ca and HRV-Cc variants. HRV-C-infected subjects showed markedly reduced detection frequencies of RSV and other respiratory viruses, providing evidence for a major interfering effect of HRV-C on susceptibility to other respiratory virus infections. HRV-C's disease associations, its prevalence and evidence for interfering effects on other respiratory viruses mandates incorporation of rhinoviruses into future diagnostic virology screening.
为了评估新描述的人类鼻病毒（HRV）C 变异株的感染频率、分子流行病学和临床相关性，使用基于 VP4 编码区的选择性聚合酶链反应（PCR）对 3243 份在爱丁堡进行诊断检测的诊断性呼吸道样本进行了 HRV-C 筛查，同时平行进行了针对其他 13 种呼吸道病毒的 PCR 检测。HRV-C 是继呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和腺病毒之后第三大常见病原体，在 13 个月的时间里，在 1885 名受试者中检测到 141 例感染（7.5%）。感染主要针对非常年幼的儿童（中位数年龄 6-12 个月；2 岁以下儿童中 80%的感染），全年均可发生，但冬季早期发病率最高。HRV-C 在患有下呼吸道疾病（LRT）和上呼吸道疾病（URT）的受试者中比无呼吸道症状的对照组更频繁地被检测到；HRV-C 单一感染是这两种疾病表现中第二常见的病毒（分别为 RSV 之后）（分别占所有病例的 6.9%和 7.8%）。通过 VP4/VP2 测序对 HRV 变异株进行分类，将目前全球的总数增加到 60 种。通过对 5'非翻译区（5'UTR）的序列比较，大多数 HRV 变异株归属于 A 种（n=96；68%，称为 HRV-Ca），其余变异株形成一个系统发育上不同的 5'UTR 组（HRV-Cc）。HRV-Ca 和 HRV-Cc 变异株之间以及与 HRV 种 A 之间的多次和双向重组事件是其在 VP4/VP2 编码区中穿插的系统发育关系的最简约解释。HRV-Ca 和 HRV-Cc 变异株在年龄分布、季节性或疾病相关性方面没有差异。感染 HRV-C 的受试者 RSV 和其他呼吸道病毒的检测频率明显降低，这为 HRV-C 对其他呼吸道病毒感染易感性的主要干扰作用提供了证据。HRV-C 的疾病相关性、流行率以及对其他呼吸道病毒的干扰作用证据表明，有必要将鼻病毒纳入未来的诊断病毒学筛查中。
