Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
J Med Food. 2009 Dec;12(6):1245-51. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0125.
Not all felled wood is converted to timber or pulp, with the remaining material being a rich source of relatively unexplored and unexploited potentially novel bioactive compounds. Therefore the potential bioactive effects of two softwood knot (the part of the branch encased in the tree stem) extracts--namely, Pinus banksiana Lamb. (Jack pine) and Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. (Sitka spruce)--were investigated by (1) determining their effects on the viability and antioxidant status of human Jurkat T cells, (2) investigating potential cytoprotective and genoprotective effects against oxidative stress in cultured cells, and (3) assessing their effects on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. Initially, both Jack pine knot and Sitka spruce knot extracts were shown to possess strong antioxidant activity as determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. When added to Jurkat cells, Jack pine knot extract was more toxic compared with Sitka spruce knot extract, with concentrations that resulted in 50% cell death of 153.0 microg/mL and 376.1 microg/mL, respectively. Supplementation of Jurkat cells with wood knot extracts did not affect their glutathione content or catalase activity. Pretreatment of Jurkat cells with Sitka spruce or Jack pine knot extracts protected against H(2)O(2)-induced cell injury. However, none of the extracts protected against H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage. Jack pine knots, at a concentration of 30 microg/mL, significantly suppressed ConA-induced IL-2 production. Although total phenol content did not differ between the two extracts, gas chromatography analysis did show variation in the types of constituents present. Further research is warranted to elucidate the selective bioactive properties of these softwood knot extracts.
并非所有砍伐的木材都被转化为木材或纸浆，剩余的材料是相对未开发和未充分利用的潜在新型生物活性化合物的丰富来源。因此，研究人员通过以下方式研究了两种软木节（包裹在树干中的树枝部分）提取物——即 Pinus banksiana Lamb.（Jack 松）和 Picea sitchensis（Bong.）Carr.（Sitka 云杉）——的潜在生物活性效应：（1）确定它们对人 Jurkat T 细胞活力和抗氧化状态的影响；（2）研究其对培养细胞氧化应激的潜在细胞保护和基因保护作用；（3）评估它们对刀豆球蛋白 A（ConA）诱导的白细胞介素-2（IL-2）产生的影响。最初，通过铁还原抗氧化能力测定法显示，Jack 松节和 Sitka 云杉节提取物均具有很强的抗氧化活性。当添加到 Jurkat 细胞中时，Jack 松节提取物比 Sitka 云杉节提取物毒性更大，导致 50%细胞死亡的浓度分别为 153.0μg/mL 和 376.1μg/mL。用木节提取物补充 Jurkat 细胞不会影响其谷胱甘肽含量或过氧化氢酶活性。用 Sitka 云杉或 Jack 松节提取物预处理 Jurkat 细胞可防止 H 2 O 2 诱导的细胞损伤。然而，没有一种提取物能防止 H 2 O 2 诱导的 DNA 损伤。Jack 松节，浓度为 30μg/mL，可显著抑制 ConA 诱导的 IL-2 产生。尽管两种提取物的总酚含量没有差异，但气相色谱分析确实显示了存在的成分类型存在差异。需要进一步的研究来阐明这些软木节提取物的选择性生物活性特性。
