GReD, CNRS UMR 6247-INSERM U931, Clermont Université, Aubière, France 63177.
J Anim Sci. 2010 Apr;88(4):1321-31. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2583. Epub 2009 Dec 30.
In mammals, posttesticular epididymal sperm maturation is considered an essential step in the transformation of immature testicular gametes to mature spermatozoa capable of fertilization. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be key actors in this maturation process, and it is now clear that ROS are central for sperm physiology in processes such as sperm maturation and capacitation. However, during epididymal maturation and storage and until the onset of fertilization, oxidative damage is a threat spermatozoa must face more than any other cells. Spermatozoa were found to be extremely sensitive to oxidative attacks correlated with lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and impaired sperm motility, all affecting fertilization. To control the quantity of H(2)O(2) in the vicinity of male gametes, mammalian epididymis uses a panel of nonenzymatic and enzymatic scavengers, among which the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family is largely represented. Among the various GPx proteins expressed in the mammalian epididymis, GPx4 and GPx5 occupy unique positions and functions that are reviewed in this paper. This paper underlines the importance of the GPx protein family in determining the fertilizing potential of mammalian spermatozoa. This is particularly relevant in the field of mammalian fertility and infertility as well as in the development of assisted medical procreation technologies and male gamete preservation techniques that are extensively used in human and animal reproduction programs.
在哺乳动物中，附睾内精子成熟被认为是未成熟睾丸生殖细胞向具有受精能力的成熟精子转化的重要步骤。已证明活性氧（ROS）是这一成熟过程中的关键因素，现在清楚的是，ROS 是精子成熟和获能等过程中精子生理学的核心。然而，在附睾成熟、储存和受精开始期间，氧化损伤是精子必须面对的比其他任何细胞都更严重的威胁。研究发现，精子对与脂质过氧化、DNA 损伤和运动能力受损相关的氧化攻击极其敏感，所有这些都会影响受精。为了控制雄性配子附近 H(2)O(2)的数量，哺乳动物的附睾使用了一系列非酶和酶清除剂，其中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）家族得到了广泛的代表。在哺乳动物附睾中表达的各种 GPx 蛋白中，GPx4 和 GPx5 占据着独特的位置和功能，本文对其进行了综述。本文强调了 GPx 蛋白家族在决定哺乳动物精子受精能力方面的重要性。这在哺乳动物生育和不育领域以及辅助生殖技术和男性配子保存技术的发展中尤为重要，这些技术在人类和动物繁殖计划中得到了广泛应用。
