DeRossi Rafael, Ruzzon Rafael H S, Verde-Selva Alexandre B, Bertoni Rodrigo A
Department of Veterinary Medicine-Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
Am J Vet Res. 2010 Jan;71(1):17-23. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.71.1.17.
To evaluate use of nonstyletted multiple-port catheters for epidural administration of ketamine hydrochloride via the caudal approach to induce analgesia of the paralumbar fossa (flank) in cattle.
6 healthy bulls.
1 week before experiments began, a multiple-port catheter was inserted by use of a Tuohy needle in all cattle via the caudal approach (between the first and second coccygeal vertebrae); the tip was threaded approximately 48 cm cranial into the dorsolumbar region. Each bull was administered ketamine (0.3, 0.5, or 0.7 mg/kg) at time 0. Heart rate, blood pressures, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, analgesia, sedation, and ataxia were determined before treatment (baseline [time 0]); at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes; and every 30 minutes thereafter until end of analgesia.
All multiple-port catheters were threaded with negligible resistance into the dorsolumbar region in all bulls. All doses of ketamine were effective for inducing analgesia of the flank region of bulls in a standing position. Total analgesia time was dose dependent (35, 50, and 80 minutes for 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mg/kg, respectively). All doses of ketamine induced mild or moderate ataxia. Heart rate changes were within acceptable limits.
Segmental dorsolumbar epidural analgesia with ketamine administered via multiple-port catheters by use of the caudal approach in cattle was feasible, and the cattle remained standing with minimal adverse effects. Further studies are necessary to determine whether this technique provides optimal conditions to allow surgery in standing cattle.
评估使用无管芯多端口导管经尾侧途径硬膜外注射盐酸氯胺酮，以诱导牛腰旁窝（胁腹）镇痛的效果。
6头健康公牛。
在实验开始前1周，通过Tuohy针经尾侧途径（在第一和第二尾椎之间）为所有牛插入多端口导管；导管尖端向头端穿入背腰部区域约48 cm。在时间点0给每头公牛注射氯胺酮（0.3、0.5或0.7 mg/kg）。在治疗前（基线[时间点0]）、5、10、15、30、45、60、75和90分钟以及此后每30分钟直至镇痛结束，测定心率、血压、呼吸频率、直肠温度、镇痛效果、镇静程度和共济失调情况。
在所有公牛中，所有多端口导管均以可忽略不计的阻力穿入背腰部区域。所有剂量的氯胺酮均能有效诱导站立位公牛胁腹区域镇痛。总镇痛时间呈剂量依赖性（0.3、0.5和0.7 mg/kg分别为35、50和80分钟）。所有剂量的氯胺酮均引起轻度或中度共济失调。心率变化在可接受范围内。
在牛中经尾侧途径使用多端口导管硬膜外注射氯胺酮进行节段性背腰部硬膜外镇痛是可行的，且牛能保持站立，不良反应最小。需要进一步研究以确定该技术是否能为站立牛的手术提供最佳条件。
