Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Exp Cell Res. 2010 May 15;316(9):1445-53. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.12.018. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
By holding sister chromatids together from the moment of their formation until their separation at anaphase, the multi subunit protein complex Cohesin guarantees correct chromosome segregation. This S-phase established chromatid cohesion is also essential for repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in postreplicative cells. In addition, Cohesin has to be recruited to a DSB, and new cohesion has to form in response to the damage for repair. When it became clear that cohesion is created de novo in response to DNA breaks, the term "damage induced cohesion" (DI-cohesion) was coined. It is now established that certain factors are needed for establishment of both S-phase and DI-cohesion, while others have been found to be unique for respective process. In addition, post-translational modifications of Cohesin components that are functionally important for cohesion formation, either during S-phase or in response to damage, have recently been identified. Here, we present and discuss the current models for establishment of S-phase and DI-cohesion in the context of their involvement in DSB repair.
通过在姐妹染色单体形成后的整个有丝分裂期保持它们的连接，多亚基蛋白复合物黏合蛋白（Cohesin）确保了染色体的正确分离。这种在 S 期建立的染色单体黏合对于复制后细胞中 DNA 双链断裂（DSB）的修复也是必需的。此外，黏合蛋白必须被募集到 DSB 处，并形成新的黏合以响应损伤进行修复。当黏合蛋白是在响应 DNA 断裂而全新合成的这一事实变得明晰时，术语“损伤诱导的黏合（DI-cohesion）”应运而生。现在已经确定，某些因子对于 S 期和 DI 黏合的建立都是必需的，而另一些因子则被发现对于各自的过程是独特的。此外，黏合蛋白成分的翻译后修饰对于黏合的形成具有功能重要性，无论是在 S 期还是在响应损伤时，最近都已被确定。在这里，我们根据它们在 DSB 修复中的参与情况，提出并讨论了 S 期和 DI 黏合建立的当前模型。
