Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Neuroimage. 2010 Apr 1;50(2):717-26. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.094. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
This study used multi-channel electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate cortical correlates of response-outcome contingency appraisal as indexed by the postimperative negative variation (PINV) during instrumental learning. PINV data were subjected to standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) for source localization. Forty-six healthy adult persons underwent a forewarned S1-S2 paradigm where response-outcome contingencies varied in three consecutive conditions. Initially subjects could control aversive stimulation by a correct behavioral response followed by loss of control and subsequent restitution of control. Throughout the experiment, reaction times, errors, ratings of controllability, arousal, emotional valence and helplessness were assessed. Topographical EEG analyses showed that in particular frontal PINV magnitudes covaried with the experimental manipulation. Loss of control induced extensive response-outcome uncertainty accompanied by a fronto-central PINV maximum. sLORETA functional analyses of the PINV revealed that dependent on the experimental conditions frontal, temporal and parietal areas seem to be related to PINV formation. In particular during loss of control, between-conditions sLORETA comparisons found Brodmann Area 24 in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to be associated with PINV generation, which was confirmed by correlational analyses. These results provide further evidence for the role of the ACC in detecting response conflict and its involvement in the generation of the PINV.
这项研究使用多通道脑电图（EEG）来研究反应-结果关联性评价的皮质相关性，这是通过工具学习期间的后命令负变（PINV）来衡量的。PINV 数据经过标准化低分辨率脑电磁断层扫描（sLORETA）进行源定位。46 名健康成年人接受了预先警告的 S1-S2 范式，在该范式中，反应-结果的关联性在三个连续条件下变化。最初，受试者可以通过正确的行为反应来控制厌恶刺激，然后失去控制，随后恢复控制。在整个实验过程中，评估了反应时间、错误、可控制性评分、觉醒度、情绪效价和无助感。脑电图地形图分析表明，特别是额叶 PINV 幅度与实验操作相关。失去控制会引起广泛的反应-结果不确定性，伴随着额-中央 PINV 最大值。PINV 的 sLORETA 功能分析表明，取决于实验条件，额叶、颞叶和顶叶区域似乎与 PINV 的形成有关。特别是在失去控制期间，条件间 sLORETA 比较发现，前扣带皮层（ACC）中的布罗德曼区 24 与 PINV 生成有关，这通过相关分析得到了证实。这些结果进一步证明了 ACC 在检测反应冲突及其在 PINV 生成中的作用。
