Bolz J, Giedke H
Biol Psychiatry. 1981 May;16(5):441-52.
Slow brain potentials (CNV and PINV) were recorded from 18 patients with primary depression and 18 health controls under three experimental conditions. A short tone (S1) indicated the occurrence of an aversive tone stimulus (S2) which could not be terminated by a motor reaction in Condition 1 (C1) but was terminated in C2. In C3 the reaction time (RT) had to be faster than the shortest mean RT from C1 and C2 in order to stop the aversive stimulus. For both groups the RT decreased from C1 to C2 to C3 and the CNV increased from C2 to C3. CNV and RT did not differ between the groups in either condition. In C1 and C3 (uncontrollability and restricted control over the aversive stimulus) patients developed a marked PINV which was not observed in the control group. In view of other investigations which found a PINV in normal subjects in situations of sudden, unexpected uncontrollability, the present results demonstrate that depressed patients are more sensitive to levels and variation of uncontrollability than healthy subjects. A possible relationship to Seligman's concept of helplessness is discussed.
在三种实验条件下，对18名原发性抑郁症患者和18名健康对照者记录了慢脑电位（CNV和PINV）。短音（S1）表示厌恶音刺激（S2）的出现，在条件1（C1）中，该刺激不能通过运动反应终止，但在C2中可被终止。在C3中，反应时间（RT）必须比C1和C2中最短的平均RT更快，才能停止厌恶刺激。两组的RT从C1到C2再到C3均下降，而CNV从C2到C3升高。在任何一种条件下，两组之间的CNV和RT均无差异。在C1和C3（对厌恶刺激无法控制和控制受限）时，患者出现了明显的PINV，而对照组未观察到。鉴于其他研究发现正常受试者在突然、意外无法控制的情况下会出现PINV，目前的结果表明，抑郁症患者比健康受试者对无法控制的程度和变化更敏感。讨论了与塞利格曼无助概念的可能关系。
