Goldrick Matthew, Daland Robert
Department of Linguistics, Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University.
Phonology. 2009;26(1):147-185. doi: 10.1017/S0952675709001742.
Phonological grammars characterize distinctions between relatively well-formed (unmarked) and relatively ill-formed (marked) phonological structures. We review evidence that markedness influences speech error probabilities. Specifically, although errors result in both unmarked as well as marked structures, there is a markedness asymmetry: errors are more likely to produce unmarked outcomes. We show that stochastic disruption to the computational mechanisms realizing a Harmonic Grammar (HG) can account for the broad empirical patterns of speech errors. We demonstrate that our proposal can account for the general markedness asymmetry. We also develop methods for linking particular HG proposals to speech error distributions, and illustrate these methods using a simple HG and a set of initial consonant errors in English.
音系语法刻画了相对规范（无标记）和相对不规范（有标记）的音系结构之间的差异。我们回顾了有标记性影响言语错误概率的证据。具体而言，虽然错误会导致无标记结构和有标记结构，但存在一种有标记性不对称：错误更有可能产生无标记的结果。我们表明，对实现和谐语法（HG）的计算机制的随机干扰可以解释言语错误的广泛实证模式。我们证明了我们的提议可以解释一般的有标记性不对称。我们还开发了将特定的和谐语法提议与言语错误分布联系起来的方法，并使用一个简单的和谐语法和一组英语初始辅音错误来说明这些方法。
