Goldstein Louis, Pouplier Marianne, Chen Larissa, Saltzman Elliot, Byrd Dani
Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Cognition. 2007 Jun;103(3):386-412. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.05.010. Epub 2006 Jul 5.
In the past, the nature of the compositional units proposed for spoken language has largely diverged from the types of control units pursued in the domains of other skilled motor tasks. A classic source of evidence as to the units structuring speech has been patterns observed in speech errors--"slips of the tongue". The present study reports, for the first time, on kinematic data from tongue and lip movements during speech errors elicited in the laboratory using a repetition task. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that speech production results from the assembly of dynamically defined action units--gestures--in a linguistically structured environment. The experimental results support both the presence of gestural units and the dynamical properties of these units and their coordination. This study of speech articulation shows that it is possible to develop a principled account of spoken language within a more general theory of action.
过去，针对口语提出的组成单元的性质在很大程度上与其他熟练运动任务领域所追求的控制单元类型有所不同。关于构建言语的单元的一个经典证据来源是在言语错误（“口误”）中观察到的模式。本研究首次报告了在实验室中使用重复任务引发言语错误时舌头和嘴唇运动的运动学数据。我们的数据与这样一种假设一致，即言语产生是在语言结构化环境中由动态定义的动作单元——手势——组装而成的。实验结果既支持了手势单元的存在，也支持了这些单元的动态特性及其协调性。这项关于言语发音的研究表明，在更一般的动作理论范围内，有可能对口语发展出一种有原则的解释。
