卡介苗免疫疗法治疗膀胱尿路上皮癌。
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
机构信息
Department of Urology, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
出版信息
Immunotherapy. 2009 Mar;1(2):281-8. doi: 10.2217/1750743X.1.2.281.
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is one of the great success stories of immunotherapy as a treatment for superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Despite clinical effectiveness in over 50% of patients, the high incidence of local side effects and presence of nonresponders has led to efforts to improve the therapy. Recent advances have suggested a role for neutrophils and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in the antitumor inflammatory response. Cell wall components of mycobacteria alone, lowered doses of BCG, and combination with cytokines have been studied as ways to improve the immune response associated with BCG and/or reduce toxicity. This review will discuss the clinical use of BCG, its proposed mechanism of action, and directions of future research to improve efficacy and decrease side effects.
摘要
牛分枝杆菌卡介苗（BCG）是免疫疗法治疗膀胱浅表性尿路上皮癌的成功案例之一。尽管在超过 50%的患者中具有临床疗效，但局部副作用发生率高和存在无应答者，促使人们努力改进该疗法。最近的进展表明中性粒细胞和 TNF 相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）在抗肿瘤炎症反应中发挥作用。单独的分枝杆菌细胞壁成分、BCG 的低剂量和与细胞因子联合使用已被研究作为改善与 BCG 相关的免疫反应和/或降低毒性的方法。本文综述了 BCG 的临床应用、其作用机制以及未来提高疗效和降低副作用的研究方向。
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