School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
Phys Sportsmed. 2009 Dec;37(4):124-30. doi: 10.3810/psm.2009.12.1750.
Thrombophilia refers to the increased tendency to form blood clots (thrombosis), which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Thrombosis is associated with various chronic conditions such as cancer, diabetes, renal disorders, and cardiovascular disease. The incidence and associated complications of thrombosis are likely to increase significantly in the next few decades because of aging populations. Regular exercise has been proposed to decrease the risk of developing thrombosis, although there are inconsistent data from studies investigating its effects, with reports of both increased and decreased thrombotic risk across a variety of subject cohorts. Confounders such as age, gender, hormonal variations, physical activity, underlying disease and treatment, and body composition also contribute to the difficulty in assessing and defining the precise effects of exercise in preventing thrombotic events. However, there is evidence suggesting that physical activity is beneficial for reducing thrombotic risk in younger individuals and those with chronic conditions. This article aims to summarize the known risk factors for thrombosis and briefly review the benefits of exercise in the general population. Furthermore, this article highlights the additional factors in a cohort of individuals that would (at first) appear unlikely to be at risk of thrombosis--elite athletes.
血栓形成倾向是指形成血栓（血栓形成）的趋势增加，这是发病率和死亡率的主要原因。血栓形成与各种慢性疾病有关，如癌症、糖尿病、肾脏疾病和心血管疾病。由于人口老龄化，血栓形成的发病率和相关并发症在未来几十年可能会显著增加。经常锻炼被认为可以降低血栓形成的风险，尽管研究其效果的研究数据不一致，报告显示在各种研究对象队列中，血栓形成的风险都有增加和降低的情况。年龄、性别、激素变化、身体活动、潜在疾病和治疗以及身体成分等混杂因素也增加了评估和确定运动在预防血栓形成事件中的确切效果的难度。然而，有证据表明，体力活动有益于降低年轻个体和患有慢性疾病个体的血栓形成风险。本文旨在总结已知的血栓形成危险因素，并简要回顾运动对一般人群的益处。此外，本文还强调了在最初似乎不太可能有血栓形成风险的个体队列（精英运动员）中的其他因素。
