AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2009 Sep;4(5):358-63. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32832ea7e8.
It has long been known that autologous neutralizing antibodies (AnAbs) exert pressure on the envelope of HIV, resulting in neutralization escape. However, recently, progress has been made in uncovering the precise targets of these potent early antibodies.
AnAbs primarily target variable regions of the HIV-1 envelope, explaining the strain-specificity of these antibodies. Despite high neutralizing potential and cross-reactivity, anti-V3 antibodies do not contribute to autologous neutralization. The V1V2 is commonly immunogenic in early HIV-1 and simian human immunodeficiency virus infections, though the nature of these epitopes remains to be determined. In subtype C viruses, the C3 region is a neutralization target, possibly as a result of its more exposed and amphipathic structure. Autologous neutralization appears to be mediated by very few AnAb specificities that develop sequentially suggesting the possibility of immunological hierarchies for both binding and neutralizing antibodies. The role of AnAbs in preventing superinfection and in restricting virus replication is reexamined in the context of recent data.
New studies have greatly contributed toward our understanding of the specificities mediating autologous neutralization and highlighted potential vulnerabilities on transmitted viruses. However, the contribution of AnAbs to the development of neutralization breadth remains to be characterized.
长期以来，人们一直知道，自体中和抗体（AnAbs）对 HIV 的包膜施加压力，导致中和逃逸。然而，最近，人们在揭示这些强效早期抗体的确切靶标方面取得了进展。
AnAbs 主要针对 HIV-1 包膜的可变区，解释了这些抗体的株特异性。尽管具有高中和潜力和交叉反应性，但抗 V3 抗体不能促进自体中和。V1V2 在早期 HIV-1 和猴免疫缺陷病毒感染中通常具有免疫原性，尽管这些表位的性质仍有待确定。在 C 型病毒中，C3 区是中和的靶标，可能是由于其更暴露和两亲性结构。自体中和似乎是由少数顺序发展的 AnAb 特异性介导的，这表明结合抗体和中和抗体都有可能存在免疫等级。新的研究极大地促进了我们对介导自体中和的特异性的理解，并强调了传播病毒上的潜在弱点。然而，自体中和抗体对中和广度的发展的贡献仍有待表征。
