Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Nov;117(11):1760-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0900801. Epub 2009 Jul 31.
Estimates of exposure to toxicants are predominantly obtained from single time-point data. Fish consumption guidance based on these data may be incomplete, as recommendations are unlikely to consider impact from factors such as intraindividual variability, seasonal differences in consumption behavior, and species consumed.
OBJECTIVES/METHODS: We studied populations of Korean (n = 108) and Japanese (n = 106) women living in the Puget Sound area in Washington State to estimate mercury exposure based on fish intake and hair Hg levels at two and three time points, respectively. Our goals were to examine changes in hair Hg levels, fish intake behavior, and Hg body burden over time; and to determine if data from multiple time points could improve guidance.
RESULTS/CONCLUSION: More than 50 fish species were consumed, with eight species representing approximately three-fourths of fish consumed by the Japanese and 10 species representing approximately four-fifths of fish intake by the Koreans. Fish species responsible for most Hg intake did not change over time; < 10 species accounted for most of the Hg body burden in each population. Longitudinal variability of hair Hg levels changed slowly across the study period. Japanese with hair Hg levels > 1.2 ppm (mean, 2.2 ppm) consumed approximately 150% more fish than those with levels < or = 1.2 ppm (mean, 0.7 ppm). However, because many participants consumed substantial amounts of fish while having hair-Hg levels < or = 1.2 ppm, the nutritional benefits offered from fish consumption should be obtainable without exceeding the RfD. We observed a 100% difference in fish intake between open-ended and 2-week recall fish consumption surveys. Open-ended survey data better represent Hg intake as determined from hair Hg levels. Single time-point fish intake data appear to be adequate for deriving guidance, but caution is warranted, as study is required to determine the significance of the different outcomes observed using the two survey time frames.
目前对于有毒物质暴露的评估主要基于单点数据。基于这些数据制定的鱼类消费建议可能并不完善，因为这些建议不太可能考虑到个体内差异、消费行为的季节性差异以及所消费的鱼类种类等因素的影响。
目的/方法：我们研究了居住在华盛顿州普吉特海湾地区的韩国（n=108）和日本（n=106）女性人群，分别通过两次和三次时间点的鱼类摄入量和头发汞水平来估计汞暴露情况。我们的目标是研究头发汞水平、鱼类摄入行为和汞体负荷随时间的变化，并确定多个时间点的数据是否可以改进指导建议。
结果/结论：食用的鱼类超过 50 种，其中 8 种代表了日本人所食用鱼类的约四分之三，10 种代表了韩国人所食用鱼类的约五分之四。在研究期间，导致汞摄入量最大的鱼类种类没有变化；在每个人群中，不到 10 种鱼类就占了汞体负荷的大部分。头发汞水平的纵向变化在整个研究期间变化缓慢。头发汞水平 >1.2 ppm（平均值 2.2 ppm）的日本人比头发汞水平≤1.2 ppm（平均值 0.7 ppm）的日本人食用的鱼类多约 150%。然而，由于许多参与者在头发汞水平≤1.2 ppm 时也摄入了大量的鱼类，因此从鱼类消费中获得的营养益处应该是可以获得的，而不会超过 RfD。我们观察到开放式和 2 周回顾式鱼类消费调查之间的鱼类摄入量有 100%的差异。开放式调查数据更能代表通过头发汞水平确定的汞摄入量。单点时间的鱼类摄入量数据似乎足以制定指导建议，但需要进行研究以确定使用两种调查时间框架观察到的不同结果的意义，因此应谨慎使用。
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