Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, George Washington University School of Public Health, Washington DC, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2011 Sep;69(9):493-508. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00415.x.
Fish and shellfish are widely available foods that provide important nutrients, particularly n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), to many populations globally. These nutrients, especially docosahexaenoic acid, confer benefits to brain and visual system development in infants and reduce risks of certain forms of heart disease in adults. However, fish and shellfish can also be a major source of methylmercury (MeHg), a known neurotoxicant that is particularly harmful to fetal brain development. This review documents the latest knowledge on the risks and benefits of seafood consumption for perinatal development of infants. It is possible to choose fish species that are both high in n-3 PUFAs and low in MeHg. A framework for providing dietary advice for women of childbearing age on how to maximize the dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs while minimizing MeHg exposures is suggested.
鱼类和贝类是广泛供应的食物，为全球许多人群提供了重要的营养物质，特别是 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFAs）。这些营养物质，特别是二十二碳六烯酸，对婴儿的大脑和视觉系统发育有益，并降低成年人某些类型心脏病的风险。然而，鱼类和贝类也可能是甲基汞（MeHg）的主要来源，甲基汞是一种已知的神经毒素，对胎儿大脑发育特别有害。本综述记录了有关海鲜消费对婴儿围产期发育的风险和益处的最新知识。有可能选择 n-3 PUFAs 含量高且 MeHg 含量低的鱼类品种。建议为育龄妇女提供饮食建议的框架，以最大限度地提高 n-3 PUFAs 的饮食摄入量，同时最大限度地减少 MeHg 的暴露。
