Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2009 Jan-Feb;1(1):47-59. doi: 10.1002/wnan.20.
Centered on solid chemistry foundations, biology and materials science have reached a crossroad where bottom-up designs of new biologically important nanomaterials are a reality. The topics discussed here present the interdisciplinary field of creating biological mimics. Specifically, this discussion focuses on mimics that are developed using various types of metal nanoparticles (particularly gold) through facile synthetic methods. These methods conjugate biologically relevant molecules, e.g., small molecules, peptides, proteins, and carbohydrates, in conformationally favorable orientations on the particle surface. These new products provide stable, safe, and effective substitutes for working with potentially hazardous biologicals for applications such as drug targeting, immunological studies, biosensor development, and biocatalysis. Many standard bioanalytical techniques can be used to characterize and validate the efficacy of these new materials, including quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Metal nanoparticle-based biomimetics continue to be developed as potential replacements for the native biomolecule in applications of immunoassays and catalysis.
以坚实的化学基础为中心，生物学和材料科学已经达到了一个交叉点，即可以从底层设计出具有重要生物学意义的新型纳米材料。这里讨论的主题展示了创造生物模拟物的跨学科领域。具体来说，本讨论重点介绍了通过简单的合成方法使用各种类型的金属纳米粒子（特别是金）开发的模拟物。这些方法将生物相关分子（例如小分子、肽、蛋白质和碳水化合物）以有利构象的方式在颗粒表面上进行缀合。这些新产品为应用（如药物靶向、免疫研究、生物传感器开发和生物催化）提供了稳定、安全和有效的替代物，用于处理潜在危险的生物制剂。许多标准的生物分析技术可用于表征和验证这些新材料的功效，包括石英晶体微天平（QCM）、表面等离子体共振（SPR）和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）。基于金属纳米粒子的仿生材料继续被开发为免疫测定和催化应用中天然生物分子的潜在替代品。
