Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351629, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
J Clin Psychol. 2010 Feb;66(2):201-14. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20669.
Harm reduction is an umbrella term for interventions aiming to reduce the problematic effects of behaviors. Although harm reduction was originally and most frequently associated with substance use, it is increasingly being applied to a multitude of other behavioral disorders. This article reviews the state of empirical research on harm reduction practices including alcohol interventions for youth, college students, and a variety of other adult interventions. We also review nicotine replacement and opioid substitution, as well as needle exchanges and safe injection sites for intravenous drug users. Dozens of peer-reviewed controlled trial publications provide support for the effectiveness of harm reduction for a multitude of clients and disorders without indications of iatrogenic effects. Harm reduction interventions provide additional tools for clinicians working with clients who, for whatever reason, may not be ready, willing, or able to pursue full abstinence as a goal.
减少伤害是一个术语，用于指旨在减少行为带来的问题影响的干预措施。虽然减少伤害最初和最常与物质使用有关，但它越来越多地被应用于多种其他行为障碍。本文回顾了减少伤害实践的实证研究现状，包括针对青年、大学生和各种其他成年人的酒精干预措施。我们还回顾了尼古丁替代和阿片类药物替代，以及为静脉吸毒者提供的针具交换和安全注射场所。数十篇经过同行评审的对照试验出版物为多种客户和障碍的减少伤害的有效性提供了支持，没有迹象表明存在医源性影响。减少伤害干预措施为与那些由于各种原因可能没有准备、愿意或能够将完全戒除作为目标的客户合作的临床医生提供了额外的工具。
