Cohen A
J Enterostomal Ther. 1991 Mar-Apr;18(2):68-71.
Body image is the mental picture one has of one's physical being that develops from birth and continues throughout life and is related to different factors affecting its formation and dynamics. A crisis such as the creation of a stoma leads to an alteration in body image and an awareness of the meaning of the change in appearance and function of an individual. The individual's behavior is examined in several domains: physical, mental, emotional, social, sexual, and economical. When one domain is disturbed the others will be influenced. A person's rehabilitation after ostomy surgery is a continuous process of adaptation and is directed toward returning to a normal way of life. Many factors affect this adaptation to an alteration in body image and are relevant to the patient and family. These factors include, but are not limited to, the disease process, treatment(s), and medical and nursing care in the hospital and community. Knowledge about actual and potential problems associated with an alteration in body image enables the nurse to assess the meaning of the alteration in body image for the individual patient and family, provide counseling before and after the surgery, and intervene so that the individual will be able to adapt to an alteration in body image and return to one's previous activities of daily living and lifestyle.
身体形象是一个人对自己身体的心理认知，从出生起就开始形成，并贯穿一生，它与影响其形成和动态变化的不同因素相关。诸如造口的形成这样的危机，会导致身体形象的改变，并使人意识到个体外观和功能变化的意义。个体的行为在几个方面受到审视：身体、心理、情感、社会、性和经济方面。当一个方面受到干扰时，其他方面也会受到影响。造口术后患者的康复是一个持续的适应过程，旨在回归正常生活方式。许多因素会影响对身体形象改变的适应，并且与患者及其家庭相关。这些因素包括但不限于疾病过程、治疗方法以及医院和社区的医疗护理。了解与身体形象改变相关的实际和潜在问题，能使护士评估身体形象改变对个体患者及其家庭的意义，在手术前后提供咨询，并进行干预，以便个体能够适应身体形象的改变，回归之前的日常生活活动和生活方式。
