Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
Dev Psychol. 2010 Jan;46(1):220-9. doi: 10.1037/a0016690.
The authors investigated the ability of 9- to 11-year-olds and of adults to use similarity-based and rule-based processes as a function of task characteristics in a task that can be considered either a categorization task or a multiple-cue judgment task, depending on the nature of the criterion (binary vs. continuous). Both children and adults relied on similarity-based processes in the categorization task. However, adults relied on cue abstraction in the multiple-cue judgment task, whereas the majority of children continued to rely on similarity-based processes. Reliance on cue abstraction resulted in better judgments for adults but not for children in the multiple-cue judgment task. This suggests that 9- to 11-year-olds may have defaulted to similarity-based processes because they were not able to employ a cue abstraction process efficiently.
作者研究了 9-11 岁儿童和成人在一项任务中根据任务特征使用基于相似性和基于规则的过程的能力，该任务可以被视为分类任务或多线索判断任务，具体取决于标准的性质（二进制与连续）。儿童和成人在分类任务中都依赖基于相似性的过程。然而，成年人在多线索判断任务中依赖线索抽象，而大多数儿童继续依赖基于相似性的过程。在多线索判断任务中，依赖线索抽象会导致成年人做出更好的判断，但对儿童则不然。这表明 9-11 岁儿童可能默认使用基于相似性的过程，因为他们无法有效地使用线索抽象过程。
