Masciocchi Christopher Michael, Mihalas Stefan, Parkhurst Derrick, Niebur Ernst
Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
J Vis. 2009 Oct 27;9(11):25.1-22. doi: 10.1167/9.11.25.
Most natural scenes are too complex to be perceived instantaneously in their entirety. Observers therefore have to select parts of them and process these parts sequentially. We study how this selection and prioritization process is performed by humans at two different levels. One is the overt attention mechanism of saccadic eye movements in a free-viewing paradigm. The second is a conscious decision process in which we asked observers which points in a scene they considered the most interesting. We find in a very large participant population (more than one thousand) that observers largely agree on which points they consider interesting. Their selections are also correlated with the eye movement pattern of different subjects. Both are correlated with predictions of a purely bottom-up saliency map model. Thus, bottom-up saliency influences cognitive processes as far removed from the sensory periphery as in the conscious choice of what an observer considers interesting.
大多数自然场景过于复杂，无法瞬间被整体感知。因此，观察者必须选择其中的部分并依次处理这些部分。我们从两个不同层面研究人类如何进行这种选择和优先级排序过程。一是在自由观看范式中眼跳运动的显性注意机制。二是一个有意识的决策过程，我们询问观察者他们认为场景中哪些点最有趣。我们在非常多的参与者群体（超过一千人）中发现，观察者在他们认为有趣的点上基本达成一致。他们的选择也与不同受试者的眼动模式相关。两者都与一个纯粹自下而上的显著性地图模型的预测相关。因此，自下而上的显著性会影响认知过程，这种影响与感官外围的距离之远，就如同在观察者对有趣事物的有意识选择中一样。
