Center for Behavioral Research and Services, California State University, Long Beach, 90813, USA.
Addict Behav. 2010 Apr;35(4):350-4. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.006. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
Relatively few studies have addressed the psychometric properties of self-report measures of amphetamine use. This study examines the reliability and validity of the Risk Behavior Assessment's (RBA) lifetime and recent amphetamine-use questions. To evaluate validity, 4027 out-of-treatment primarily cocaine and heroin users provided urine samples that were compared to self-report data; to evaluate reliability, 218 completed the RBA at two time points, 48h apart. In the overall sample, self-reports demonstrated moderately high validity, with a 95% accuracy rate (kappa=.54). When analysis was restricted to recent amphetamine users validity was slightly lower (71.5% accuracy; kappa=.41). Test-retest data indicated good reliability for self-reports of ever having used amphetamine (kappa=.79), and amphetamine use in the past 30 days (.75<r<.91). Out-of-treatment drug users provided accurate self-reports of amphetamine use. Reliable and valid measures are essential for describing and predicting trends in amphetamine use, evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, and developing policies and programs.
相对较少的研究涉及安非他命使用的自我报告测量的心理计量学特性。本研究考察了风险行为评估（RBA）的终身和最近安非他命使用问题的可靠性和有效性。为了评估有效性，4027 名接受治疗的主要可卡因和海洛因使用者提供了尿液样本，这些样本与自我报告数据进行了比较；为了评估可靠性，218 名参与者在 48 小时的时间间隔内两次完成了 RBA。在总体样本中，自我报告显示出中等高度的有效性，准确率为 95%（kappa=.54）。当分析仅限于最近使用安非他命的人群时，有效性略低（准确率为 71.5%；kappa=.41）。测试-重测数据表明，对曾经使用过安非他命的自我报告具有良好的可靠性（kappa=.79），对过去 30 天内使用安非他命的报告也具有可靠性（kappa=.75<r<.91）。接受治疗的吸毒者对安非他命的使用提供了准确的自我报告。可靠和有效的测量方法对于描述和预测安非他命使用趋势、评估干预措施的有效性以及制定政策和方案至关重要。
