Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2010 Jan;213(1):1-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.12.003. Epub 2010 Jan 6.
Studies have reported contradictory effects of cat and dog exposure on allergy, resulting in inconsistent recommendations on animal avoidance. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies published in English from 2000 to January 2009. It shows in this review that the reported exposure-response relationships are contradictory. A total of 17 and 13 birth cohort studies on cat and dog exposure, respectively, are included in the review. Most of the birth cohort studies found that cat or dog exposure in early life had no effect on the development of asthma or wheezing symptoms and dog exposure during infancy was found to protect children from developing sensitization against aeroallergens. A total of 7 and 6 prospective studies in school-age children or adults on cat and dog exposure, respectively, are included in this review and most of these studies suggested an inverse association between cat exposure and asthma and wheezing symptoms. As for cross-sectional studies, 26 and 21 studies on cat and dog exposure, respectively, are included in this review, which cover a broad range of age groups and geographical areas, and reported inconsistent results. The evidence summarised in this systematic review needs to be interpreted with caution, the inconsistent study results may be due to study design, exposure assessment, and avoidance measure. The exposure-response relationships may also alter in geographical areas where the community prevalence of cats and dogs are significantly different. However, as the evidence of the effects of pet keeping on subsequent development of asthma or allergic diseases presented in this review are not overwhelmingly strong, the decision of whether to keep a cat or a dog in the family should be based on arguments other than the concern of developing asthma and allergy.
研究报告表明，猫和狗的接触对过敏有相反的影响，导致对动物回避的建议不一致。我们对 2000 年至 2009 年 1 月期间用英文发表的观察性研究进行了系统评价。该评价表明，报告的暴露-反应关系是矛盾的。本评价共纳入了 17 项关于猫接触和 13 项关于狗接触的出生队列研究。大多数出生队列研究发现，生命早期的猫或狗接触对哮喘或喘息症状的发展没有影响，而婴儿期的狗接触被发现可保护儿童免受对气传过敏原的致敏。该评价共纳入了 7 项关于儿童期或成年期的猫接触和 6 项关于狗接触的前瞻性研究，这些研究大多表明猫接触与哮喘和喘息症状之间呈反比关系。至于横断面研究，本评价共纳入了 26 项关于猫接触和 21 项关于狗接触的研究，这些研究涵盖了广泛的年龄组和地理区域，报告了不一致的结果。对本系统评价中总结的证据需要谨慎解释，不一致的研究结果可能是由于研究设计、暴露评估和回避措施的不同。暴露-反应关系也可能因猫和狗的社区流行率显著不同的地理区域而改变。然而，由于本评价中关于养宠物对随后发展为哮喘或过敏性疾病的影响的证据并不十分确凿，因此是否在家庭中养猫或狗的决定不应基于对发展为哮喘和过敏的担忧，而应基于其他论点。
