The Center for Addiction and Mental Health and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2010;50:39-61. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105826.
Drug dependency is a highly prevalent mental health disorder that imposes a significant burden on those directly affected, health care systems, and society in general. There is substantial heritability in the susceptibility to drug addiction, which indicates that there are genetic risk factors. Variation in the human genome is abundant and can directly affect drug dependency phenotypes, for example, by altering the function of a gene product or by altering gene expression. Pharmacogenetic studies can assess the effects of genetic variation on the risk for a particular phenotype (e.g., being an alcoholic). In addition, pharmacogenetic variability in treatment efficacy and adverse reactions can be investigated to identify particular genetic variants associated with altered responses. This review highlights examples of genetic variations that are important in the development and maintenance of specific drug dependencies as well as those that affect the response to treatment.
药物依赖是一种高发的心理健康障碍，它给直接受影响者、医疗保健系统和整个社会带来了巨大的负担。药物成瘾的易感性具有很大的遗传性，这表明存在遗传风险因素。人类基因组的变异非常丰富，它可以直接影响药物依赖的表型，例如，通过改变基因产物的功能或改变基因表达。药物遗传学研究可以评估遗传变异对特定表型（例如，酗酒者）风险的影响。此外，还可以研究治疗效果和不良反应的药物遗传学变异性，以确定与反应改变相关的特定遗传变异。这篇综述强调了在特定药物依赖的发展和维持中起重要作用的遗传变异，以及那些影响治疗反应的遗传变异。
