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2007 年希腊雅典的热浪:天气形势、生物气候评估、空气质量水平和健康影响。

Heat waves observed in 2007 in Athens, Greece: synoptic conditions, bioclimatological assessment, air quality levels and health effects.

机构信息

Department of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, University of Athens, University Campus - Zografou, Building Physics 5, 157 84 Athens, Greece.

出版信息

Environ Res. 2010 Feb;110(2):152-61. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.12.002. Epub 2010 Jan 8.

Abstract

Heat waves are considered to be increasing in frequency and intensity whereas they comprise a significant weather-related cause of deaths in several countries. Two heat waves occurred in Greece in summer 2007. These severe heat waves are assessed by analyzing the prevailing synoptic conditions, evaluating human thermal discomfort, through the Heat Load Index (HL), as well as investigating its interrelation of air pollutant concentrations, and the daily air quality stress index (AQSI), in the greater region of Athens (Attica), Greece. Furthermore, the relation of HL values and the number of heatstroke and heat exhaustion events recorded in public hospitals operating within the Greek National Health System is examined. Data included radiosonde measurements from the Athens airport station (LGAT), NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in order to obtain the position of the Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ), GDAS meteorological data for back-trajectory calculation, 10-min meteorological data from 10 Hydro-Meteorological stations and mean hourly values of nitric dioxide (NO(2)), sulphur dioxide (SO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) concentrations, measured at 7 different sites, for the last 10-day period of June and July 2007. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to observe any possible correlation between HL values and air pollutant concentrations, and AQSI values. The results demonstrated different synoptic characteristics for the heat waves of June and July. In the heat wave of June, higher ambient temperatures were recorded and greater HL values were calculated. Extreme discomfort conditions were identified in both heat waves during both day-time and night-time hours. The air pollution analysis showed poor air quality conditions for the heat wave of July, while a significant correlation was found between HL values and average hourly concentrations of O(3), NO(2) and SO(2). The number of heat-affected patients reported during the June heat wave was larger.

摘要

热浪的频率和强度都在增加,而它们是几个国家与天气相关的死亡的一个重要原因。希腊在 2007 年夏季发生了两次热浪。通过分析盛行的天气条件、通过热负荷指数 (HL) 评估人体热舒适度、以及调查空气污染物浓度及其与每日空气质量应激指数 (AQSI) 的相互关系,对这两次严重热浪进行评估,希腊雅典大都市区。此外,还研究了 HL 值与希腊国家卫生系统内运营的公立医院记录的中暑和热衰竭事件数量之间的关系。数据包括来自雅典机场站 (LGAT) 的无线电探空测量、NCEP/NCAR 再分析数据以获取副热带急流 (STJ) 的位置、GDAS 气象数据用于后轨迹计算、10 分钟气象数据来自 10 个水文气象站和 7 个不同地点每小时平均浓度值 2007 年 6 月和 7 月的二氧化氮 (NO (2))、二氧化硫 (SO (2)) 和臭氧 (O (3)),过去 10 天。使用 Spearman 秩相关检验观察 HL 值与空气污染物浓度和 AQSI 值之间的任何可能相关性。结果表明 6 月和 7 月热浪具有不同的天气特征。在 6 月的热浪中,记录到更高的环境温度和更高的 HL 值。在两次热浪期间的白天和夜间都确定了极端不适条件。空气污染分析表明 7 月热浪期间空气质量较差,而 HL 值与 O (3)、NO (2) 和 SO (2) 的平均小时浓度之间存在显著相关性。报告的受热浪影响的患者人数在 6 月的热浪中更多。

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