Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Awassa, Ethiopia.
Vet Parasitol. 2010 Mar 25;168(3-4):177-84. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.028. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
A study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of Deltamethrin (0.4% impregnated targets and 1% pour-on formulation) in controlling tsetse and trypanosomosis was carried out in two selected 10km x 10km Universal Transverse Mercator Grids of the Southern Tsetse Eradication Project (STEP) area in the southern rift valley of Ethiopia. The Grids selected were H3 (site I) and G5 (site II) in two districts of the Wolaita Zone. The trial was underway from September 2003 to April 2004. The strategy followed to accomplish the trial was a pre-intervention phase (entomology and parasitology) and an intervention phase with insecticide (Deltamethrin 0.4%)-impregnated odour-baited targets in site I and Deltamethrin 1% 'pour-on' application to cattle in site II. The intervention phase was monitored on a monthly basis. Following the deployment of 460 targets at a density of 4 targets per km(2) in trial site I, the relative abundance of tsetse fly (Glossina pallidipes) declined from a pre-intervention mean catch of 1.35 flies per trap per day to 0.05 flies per trap per day at final monitoring. These resulted in an 88.9% overall reduction. Similarly, an 83.25% reduction was recorded in the incidence of trypanosomosis in sentinel cattle as it dropped from 10.75% (first monitoring) to 1.8% (last monitoring). The corresponding measures of packed cell volume (PCV) have shown a significant improvement from a mean of 21.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 20.7-22.9) at first monitoring to 25.5% (95% CI: 24.3-26.7) of last monitoring (P<0.01). In site II, the trial was started by spraying Deltamethrin 1% pour-on to 409 cattle at a rate of 1ml/10kg body weight. Pour-on treatment was repeated every month throughout the trial period. A sharp drop in the relative abundance of tsetse fly was revealed soon after. The catch was nil at fourth monitoring as it declined from 0.91 flies per trap per day of pre-intervention (P<0.01). A 94.9% overall reduction was achieved. The incidence of trypanosomosis in sentinel cattle also declined from 10% (first monitoring) to 0.95% (last monitoring) with about 90.5% decline. An improvement in the overall mean PCV was seen as it rose from a mean of 24.1% (95% CI: 22.9-25.3) at first monitoring to 27.2% (95% CI: 26.2-28.1) at last monitoring which revealed a significant increase (P<0.01) until the third monitoring and maintained a stable state thereafter. This work finally disclosed that a relatively better efficacy was attained by using Deltamethrin pour-on formulation than targets in controlling tsetse and trypanosomiosis. However, this difference did not prove an apparent significance (P>0.05). So it is recommended to continue the current tsetse suppression by using the integrated approach of both techniques under consideration.
一项旨在评估除虫菊酯（0.4%浸渍目标和 1%涂抹配方）控制采采蝇和锥虫病的功效的研究在埃塞俄比亚南部裂谷南部的南部采采蝇根除项目（STEP）地区的两个选定的 10km x 10km 通用横轴墨卡托网格中进行。选择的网格是 H3（地点 I）和 G5（地点 II），位于沃莱塔地区的两个区。该试验于 2003 年 9 月至 2004 年 4 月进行。为完成试验，采用了前干预阶段（昆虫学和寄生虫学）和干预阶段（用 0.4%除虫菊酯浸渍的气味诱饵目标和 1%的“涂抹”应用于牛）的杀虫剂（除虫菊酯 0.4%）。每月监测干预阶段。在试验地点 I 部署了 460 个目标，密度为每公里 4 个目标后，采采蝇（ Glossina pallidipes ）的相对丰度从干预前的平均每天每陷阱捕获 1.35 只下降到最后监测的每天每陷阱 0.05 只。这导致总体减少了 88.9%。同样，在哨牛中锥虫病的发病率也记录了 83.25%的下降，从 10.75%（第一次监测）下降到 1.8%（最后一次监测）。相应的红细胞压积（PCV）测量值也显示出显著改善，从第一次监测的平均 21.8%（95%置信区间（CI）：20.7-22.9）到最后监测的 25.5%（95% CI：24.3-26.7）（P<0.01）。在地点 II，通过以 1ml/10kg 体重的速度给 409 头牛喷洒 1%的除虫菊酯进行试验。在整个试验期间，每月重复进行一次涂抹处理。在干预前，采采蝇的相对丰度很快下降，每天每陷阱的捕获量为 0.91 只（P<0.01）。在第四次监测时，采采蝇的捕获量为零，这是因为它从干预前的每天每陷阱 0.91 只下降到了 0.01%。总体减少了 94.9%。哨牛中锥虫病的发病率也从 10%（第一次监测）下降到 0.95%（最后一次监测），下降了约 90.5%。红细胞压积的总体平均值也有所提高，从第一次监测的平均 24.1%（95%置信区间（CI）：22.9-25.3）上升到最后监测的 27.2%（95% CI：26.2-28.1），这表明了显著的增加（P<0.01），直到第三次监测，并在此后保持稳定状态。这项工作最终表明，使用除虫菊酯涂抹配方比使用目标控制采采蝇和锥虫病的效果更好。然而，这一差异并不明显（P>0.05）。因此，建议继续采用这两种技术的综合方法来进行当前的采采蝇抑制。
