Center for Aerobiological Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, USA.
Inhal Toxicol. 2010 Feb;22(3):224-33. doi: 10.3109/08958370903191023.
A well-characterized exposure chamber is necessary to generate reproducible atmospheres for inhalation toxicology studies. The aim of the present study was to characterize a head-only exposure chamber for non-human primates. Aerosols containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used to characterize a 16-L dynamic airflow head-only exposure chamber. A 250-ml plastic bottle with a respirator attached located inside the chamber was used to simulate a breathing head. Chamber leak rate, mixing, and aerosol spatial distributions were quantified. The chamber concentration profile was measured at the chamber exhaust using an aerodynamic particle sizer. Aerosol spatial distribution was determined by collecting filter samples at several chamber locations. The particle size distribution was determined by collecting cascade impactor samples at several chamber locations. The estimated chamber leak rate was within standards suggested in the literature. The measured average aerosol residence time was similar to theoretical aerosol residence time, suggesting that the chamber was mixing well. Additionally, the average concentration measured at each of the sampling locations within the chamber was similar, and the within-run coefficients of variation (CV) across all sampling locations was similar to those reported in previously published studies, again suggesting that the aerosol concentration throughout the chamber was uniform. The particle size distribution was similar throughout the exposure chamber. Additionally, the BSA concentration and particle size distributions measured in the breathing zone of the simulated head were not significantly different from measurements made elsewhere in the chamber, suggesting that respiration does not affect the average aerosol concentration or particle size distribution at the mouth.
为了进行吸入毒理学研究，需要一个特征明确的暴露室来产生可重复的大气环境。本研究的目的是对用于非人类灵长类动物的头部暴露室进行特征描述。使用含有牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的气溶胶来对 16 升动态气流头部暴露室进行特征描述。在室内放置一个连接有呼吸阀的 250 毫升塑料瓶来模拟呼吸头部。对泄漏率、混合和气溶胶空间分布进行了量化。使用空气动力学颗粒粒径分析仪在腔室排气口测量腔室浓度分布。通过在几个腔室位置收集过滤器样品来确定气溶胶空间分布。通过在几个腔室位置收集级联撞击器样品来确定粒径分布。估计的腔室泄漏率符合文献中建议的标准。测量的平均气溶胶停留时间与理论气溶胶停留时间相似，表明腔室混合良好。此外，在腔室内各个采样位置测量的平均浓度相似，并且所有采样位置的运行内变异系数（CV）与之前发表的研究报告中的相似，这再次表明整个腔室内的气溶胶浓度是均匀的。在整个暴露室内，粒径分布相似。此外，在模拟头部呼吸区测量的 BSA 浓度和粒径分布与在腔室内其他位置测量的结果没有显著差异，这表明呼吸不会影响口腔处的平均气溶胶浓度或粒径分布。
