Lundgren Lennart, Skare Lizbet, Lidén Carola, Tornling Göran
Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2006 Oct;50(7):705-15. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mel027. Epub 2006 Jun 15.
Exposure to large airborne organic aerosols may cause respiratory and skin symptoms. The use of human exposure chambers permits safe mechanistic studies of the effect of inhalation or dermal deposition of such particles. The performance of a dynamic and continuous whole-body human exposure chamber using turbulent air mixing during exposure to these organic aerosols of humans and of a new heated mannequin was evaluated. Variability of temporal and spatial distribution of the airborne particle concentration, and aerodynamic aerosol size distribution of the inhalable fraction, were evaluated. The temporal and spatial distribution of these aerosols close to the breathing zone during an exposure session was typically < or = 10%, which is low for airborne particles of this size. In a larger section around a human, only slightly higher spatial variation was found. Variability between exposure sessions was also low (< 10%). Only limited effect of relative humidity for the organic aerosols was observed. The aerodynamic particle size distribution curves differed slightly, but some were comparable to those in occupational environments. The outcome of the performance tests as measured with the heated mannequin was almost the same as with humans, indicating that the mannequin could be used in preparatory tests in this type of chamber.
暴露于大量空气传播的有机气溶胶中可能会引发呼吸道和皮肤症状。使用人体暴露舱能够对吸入或皮肤接触此类颗粒的影响进行安全的机制研究。对一种在人体暴露于这些有机气溶胶期间利用湍流空气混合的动态连续式全身人体暴露舱以及一种新型加热人体模型的性能进行了评估。评估了空气中颗粒浓度的时空分布变异性以及可吸入部分的空气动力学气溶胶粒径分布。在一次暴露过程中，呼吸区域附近这些气溶胶的时空分布通常≤10%，对于这种尺寸的空气传播颗粒而言这一数值较低。在人体周围更大的区域内，仅发现空间变化略高一些。不同暴露过程之间的变异性也较低（<10%）。仅观察到相对湿度对有机气溶胶的影响有限。空气动力学粒径分布曲线略有不同，但有些与职业环境中的曲线相当。使用加热人体模型进行性能测试的结果与人体测试结果几乎相同，这表明该人体模型可用于此类舱室的预备测试。
