Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62; 50924 Cologne, Germany.
Brain Res. 2010 Mar 12;1320:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.007. Epub 2010 Jan 11.
Recently, interest in the health of boxers has been raised by a petition of the British Medical Association to restrict boxing. However, scientific data on permanent damage are rare and typical localisations of injuries were yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are changes in the sense of smell in people undergoing recurrent head traumas. The hypothesis to be tested was if boxers had a reduced olfactory function. We used a matched pairs analysis design. Fifty healthy, male athletes underwent subjective olfactometry using Sniffin'Sticks testing (including threshold, discrimination and identification, TDI). Nasal endoscopy was performed and a thorough, questionnaire-based history was obtained. These data were correlated with normative data from healthy subjects. Statistical analysis was based on matched pairs analysis by t-tests, i.e. boxers and healthy (non-boxing) subjects. Boxers showed a mean TDI score of 32.5 compared to 35.1 of non-boxing controls (p=0.003). The olfactory threshold (p<0.001) and odour identification (p<0.05) were significantly decreased in boxers; whereas odour discrimination was unaffected. Performance of odour identification showed a correlation with cushioning of the gloves (p<0.05), and thus seems a protective measure regarding the sense of smell. Boxing seems to affect olfactory function, particularly by reducing the olfactory threshold. Furthermore, cushioning of the gloves can be protective and should be increased to safeguard sportsmen from physical damage. Boxing can serve as a model for central regeneration after trauma.
最近，由于英国医学协会（BMA）的请愿书要求限制拳击运动，人们对拳击手的健康状况产生了兴趣。然而，关于永久性损伤的科学数据很少，受伤的典型部位尚未确定。本研究旨在确定经常遭受头部创伤的人是否存在嗅觉变化。要检验的假设是拳击手的嗅觉功能是否降低。我们使用了配对分析设计。五十名健康的男性运动员使用 Sniffin' Sticks 测试（包括阈值、辨别力和识别力，TDI）进行了主观嗅觉测试。进行了鼻内窥镜检查，并获得了详细的基于问卷的病史。将这些数据与健康受试者的正常数据相关联。统计分析基于配对分析的 t 检验，即拳击手和健康（非拳击）受试者。拳击手的 TDI 平均得分为 32.5，而非拳击对照组为 35.1（p=0.003）。拳击手的嗅觉阈值（p<0.001）和气味识别（p<0.05）显著降低，而气味辨别力不受影响。气味识别的表现与手套的缓冲效果（p<0.05）相关，因此似乎是一种保护嗅觉的措施。拳击似乎会影响嗅觉功能，特别是通过降低嗅觉阈值。此外，增加手套的缓冲效果可以起到保护作用，以保护运动员免受身体损伤。拳击可以作为创伤后中枢再生的模型。
