Lotrean Lucia M, Mesters Ilse, Ionut Carmen, de Vries Hein
Department of Environmental Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, România.
Pneumologia. 2009 Oct-Dec;58(4):240-6.
A cross-sectional research study was carried out among Romanian adolescents to identify gender differences in beliefs and behaviour regarding smoking. A written survey was conducted among 473 students aged 15-17 years from 5 senior high schools in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. All students filed in a questionnaire which assessed their smoking-related behaviour. The results show that one quarter (24.5%) of the subjects were smokers, a significant differences was noticed, regarding the prevalence of smoking between boys (32.2%) and girls (20.9%). Smoking behaviour served a stronger function for smoking girls to remain slim, while smoking boys had stronger beliefs that smoking helped them to relax. Self-efficacy expectations to handle emotional situations without smoking were significantly lower in smoking girls than in smoking boys. Moreover, in comparison with non-smoking boys, non-smoking girls reported low self-efficacy to maintain their non-smoking status when upset, depressed or nervous, and a stronger intention to start smoking than non-smoking boys. Non-smoking boys reported stronger pressures to smoke from their peers in the same school year. These findings have several implications for smoking prevention and reduction activities in Romania. First, smoking prevention programs should strengthen positive attitudes towards non-smoking, resistance against peer influences and enhance self-efficacy beliefs. Second, smoking prevention and reduction activities should address the fact that smoking is seen by Romanian girls as a way to control their weight, and as a way to relax by boys, and thus need to offer other healthier alternatives to realize these outcomes. Additionally, they need to address strategies to cope with emotional situations, in particular for girls.
在罗马尼亚青少年中开展了一项横断面研究，以确定吸烟相关信念和行为上的性别差异。对罗马尼亚克卢日-纳波卡市5所高中的473名15至17岁学生进行了书面调查。所有学生填写了一份评估其吸烟相关行为的问卷。结果显示，四分之一（24.5%）的受试者吸烟，男孩（32.2%）和女孩（20.9%）的吸烟率存在显著差异。吸烟行为对吸烟女孩保持苗条身材的作用更强，而吸烟男孩则更坚信吸烟有助于他们放松。在不吸烟的情况下应对情绪状况的自我效能期望，吸烟女孩显著低于吸烟男孩。此外，与不吸烟男孩相比，不吸烟女孩表示在心烦、沮丧或紧张时保持不吸烟状态的自我效能较低，且开始吸烟的意愿比不吸烟男孩更强。不吸烟男孩报告称在同学年受到来自同龄人的吸烟压力更大。这些研究结果对罗马尼亚的吸烟预防和减少活动有若干启示。首先，吸烟预防项目应强化对不吸烟的积极态度、抵御同伴影响并增强自我效能信念。其次，吸烟预防和减少活动应考虑到罗马尼亚女孩将吸烟视为控制体重的一种方式，而男孩则将其视为放松的一种方式，因此需要提供其他更健康的方式来实现这些目的。此外，它们需要探讨应对情绪状况的策略，尤其是针对女孩。
