Soine Aeleah
University of Minnesota, Department of History, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Nurs Hist Rev. 2010;18:51-80. doi: 10.1891/1062-8061.18.51.
Campaigns for state nursing registration in the United States and Great Britain have a prominent place in the historical scholarship on nursing professionalization; the closely related German campaign has received less scholarly attention. Applying a transnational perspective to these three national movements highlights the collaborative and interrelated nature of nursing reform prior to World War I and recognizes the important contribution of German nurses to this dialogue and agenda. Focusing particularly on the years 1909-12, this article depicts a generation of German, American, and British nurses who organized national and international nursing associations to realize state registration as a stepping stone to other markers of professional recognition, such as collegiate education, full political citizenship, social welfare, and labor legislation. However, the consequent reliance of these strategies on nation-states as arbiters of citizenship and professional status undermined the shared ideological foundation of international and national nursing leaders. This article contributes to a more multinational understanding of how these international nursing leaders transcended and were confined by the limits of their nation-states in the years leading up to World War I.
在美国和英国开展的国家护士注册运动，在关于护理专业化的历史学术研究中占据显著地位；与之密切相关的德国运动则较少受到学术关注。从跨国视角审视这三个国家的运动，凸显了第一次世界大战前护理改革的协作性和相互关联性，也认识到德国护士对这一对话和议程的重要贡献。本文特别聚焦于1909年至1912年期间，描绘了一代德国、美国和英国护士，他们组织了国家和国际护理协会，将实现国家注册作为迈向其他专业认可标志的垫脚石，这些标志包括大学教育、完全政治公民权、社会福利和劳工立法等。然而，这些策略随后对民族国家作为公民身份和专业地位仲裁者的依赖，破坏了国际和国家护理领导者共同的思想基础。本文有助于更全面地理解这些国际护理领导者在第一次世界大战前几年如何超越以及受制于其民族国家的局限。
