Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK.
J Exp Bot. 2010 Feb;61(4):935-44. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp382. Epub 2010 Jan 12.
Genetics has long been used as a source of evidence to understand domestication origins. A recent shift in the emphasis of archaeological evidence from a rapid transition paradigm of hunter-gatherers to agriculturalists, to a protracted transition paradigm has highlighted how the scientific framework of interpretation of genetic data was quite dependent on archaeological evidence, resulting in a period of discord in which the two evidence types appeared to support different paradigms. Further examination showed that the discriminatory power of the approaches employed in genetics was low, and framed within the rapid paradigm rather than testing it. In order to interpret genetic data under the new protracted paradigm it must be taken into account how that paradigm changes our expectations of genetic diversity. Preliminary examination suggests that a number of features that constituted key evidence in the rapid paradigm are likely to be interpreted very differently in the protracted paradigm. Specifically, in the protracted transition the mode and mechanisms involved in the evolution of the domestication syndrome have become much more influential in the shape of genetic diversity. The result is that numerous factors interacting over several levels of organization in a domestication system need to be taken into account in order to understand the evolution of the process. This presents a complex problem of integration of different data types which is difficult to describe formally. One possible way forward is to use Bayesian approximation approaches that allow complex systems to be measured in a way that does not require such formality.
遗传学长期以来一直被用作理解驯化起源的证据来源。考古证据的重点最近从狩猎采集者向农民的快速转型范式转变为漫长的转型范式，这突显了遗传数据解释的科学框架如何非常依赖考古证据，导致了一段不和谐的时期，这两种证据类型似乎支持不同的范式。进一步的研究表明，遗传学中所采用的方法的辨别力较低，并且是在快速范式内进行的，而不是对其进行测试。为了在新的漫长范式下解释遗传数据，必须考虑到该范式如何改变我们对遗传多样性的期望。初步研究表明，在快速范式中构成关键证据的许多特征在漫长的范式中可能会被非常不同地解释。具体来说，在漫长的过渡中，驯化综合征进化所涉及的模式和机制在遗传多样性的形成中变得更加重要。结果是，需要考虑驯化系统中几个层次的组织中相互作用的众多因素，以便理解该过程的进化。这提出了一个复杂的问题，即需要整合不同类型的数据，而这很难用正式的方式来描述。一种可能的方法是使用贝叶斯逼近方法，该方法允许以不需要这种正式性的方式来测量复杂系统。
