Winchell Frank, Brass Michael, Manzo Andrea, Beldados Alemseged, Perna Valentina, Murphy Charlene, Stevens Chris, Fuller Dorian Q
Independent Researcher, Arlington, USA.
2Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK.
Afr Archaeol Rev. 2018;35(4):483-505. doi: 10.1007/s10437-018-9314-2. Epub 2018 Nov 10.
Four decades have passed since Harlan and Stemler (1976) proposed the eastern Sahelian zone as the most likely center of domestication. Recently, new data on seed impressions on Butana Group pottery, from the fourth millennium BC in the southern Atbai region of the far eastern Sahelian Belt in Africa, show evidence for cultivation activities of sorghum displaying some domestication traits. may have been undergoing domestication shortly thereafter in the western Sahel, as finds of fully domesticated pearl millet are present in southeastern Mali by the second half of the third millennium BC, and present in eastern Sudan by the early second millennium BC. The dispersal of the latter to India took less than 1000 years according to present data. Here, we review the middle Holocene Sudanese archaeological data for the first time, to situate the origins and spread of these two native summer rainfall cereals in what is proposed to be their eastern Sahelian Sudan gateway to the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean trade.
自哈伦和施特勒（1976年）提出东萨赫勒地区最有可能是驯化中心以来，已经过去了四十年。最近，关于非洲远东南部萨赫勒地带阿特拜地区南部公元前四千年布塔纳组陶器上种子印记的新数据，显示出高粱种植活动的证据，这些高粱表现出一些驯化特征。此后不久，西部萨赫勒地区的高粱可能也在经历驯化，因为在公元前三千纪下半叶，马里东南部出现了完全驯化的珍珠粟，到公元前二千纪初，苏丹东部也有了珍珠粟。根据目前的数据，珍珠粟传播到印度用了不到1000年的时间。在这里，我们首次回顾了全新世中期苏丹的考古数据，以确定这两种本土夏季降雨谷物的起源和传播情况，它们被认为是通过萨赫勒东部苏丹通往红海和印度洋贸易的通道。
