Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Sci Signal. 2010 Jan 12;3(104):re1. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.3104re1.
Cells release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which activates plasma membrane-localized P2X and P2Y receptors and thereby modulates cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Release of ATP and the subsequent activation of P2 receptors help establish the basal level of activation (sometimes termed "the set point") for signal transduction pathways and regulate a wide array of responses that include tissue blood flow, ion transport, cell volume regulation, neuronal signaling, and host-pathogen interactions. Basal release and autocrine or paracrine responses to ATP are multifunctional, evolutionarily conserved, and provide an economical means for the modulation of cell, tissue, and organismal biology.
细胞释放三磷酸腺苷（ATP），ATP 激活质膜定位的 P2X 和 P2Y 受体，从而以自分泌或旁分泌的方式调节细胞功能。ATP 的释放和随后 P2 受体的激活有助于为信号转导途径建立基础激活水平（有时称为“设定点”），并调节包括组织血流、离子转运、细胞体积调节、神经元信号传递和宿主-病原体相互作用在内的广泛反应。ATP 的基础释放和自分泌或旁分泌反应具有多功能性，是进化保守的，为调节细胞、组织和机体生物学提供了一种经济有效的手段。
