Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608-6904, USA.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Mar;89(3):249-63. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181c9fa9d.
The purpose of this article was to provide a comprehensive review of the exercise intervention literature on persons with physical and cognitive disabilities. Electronic searches were conducted to identify research articles published from 1986 to 2006. Of the 80 physical activity/exercise interventions identified in the literature, only 32 were randomized controlled trials. The remaining studies were nonrandomized controlled trials with (n = 16) and without (n = 32) a control group. There was a mixture of exercise training modalities that involved aerobic (26%), strength (25%), and combined aerobic and strength (23%) exercises, but there were no overlapping studies using the same dose of exercise for any of the 11 disability groups. Almost half the studies targeted stroke (20%), multiple sclerosis (15%), and intellectual disability (13%), with significantly fewer studies targeting other disability groups. The current literature on exercise and disability is extremely broad in scope and has limited generalizability to any specific disability group. A new body of evidence is needed with stronger research designs that adhere to precise dosing characteristics for key health outcomes (e.g., pain/fatigue reduction, improved cardiorespiratory health). Multicenter trials will be needed for low-prevalence populations to strengthen research designs and increase generalizability of study findings.
本文旨在对身体和认知障碍人士的运动干预文献进行全面回顾。通过电子检索，确定了 1986 年至 2006 年发表的研究文章。在文献中确定的 80 项体育活动/运动干预措施中，只有 32 项是随机对照试验。其余的研究是非随机对照试验，有对照组（n=16）和无对照组（n=32）。运动训练模式多种多样，包括有氧运动（26%）、力量训练（25%）和有氧与力量结合训练（23%），但对于 11 个残疾群体中的任何一个，都没有重叠的使用相同运动剂量的研究。近一半的研究针对中风（20%）、多发性硬化症（15%）和智力残疾（13%），而针对其他残疾群体的研究则明显较少。目前关于运动与残疾的文献范围极广，但对任何特定残疾群体的推广性都很有限。需要有新的证据来支持具有更强研究设计的证据，这些研究设计要遵循精确的剂量特征，以实现关键健康结果（如减少疼痛/疲劳、改善心肺健康）。对于低流行人群，需要进行多中心试验，以加强研究设计并提高研究结果的推广性。
