Lai Byron, Young Hui-Ju, Bickel C Scott, Motl Robert W, Rimmer James H
From the University of Alabama at Birmingham/Lakeshore Research Collaborative, Birmingham, Alabama (BL, H-JY, RWM, JHR); and Department of Physical Therapy, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama (CSB).
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Oct;96(10):748-761. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000743.
This review synthesized physical activity and exercise intervention literature for the past 10 yrs for people with physical and cognitive disabilities including intervention characteristics, behavior change strategies, and types of technologies used to improve targeted outcomes. Systematic searches yielded 132 eligible studies. The major disability groups were multiple sclerosis (41%), stroke (15%), and spinal cord injury (12%). Research designs primarily involved randomized controlled trials (61%) versus quasi-experimental designs (39%). Approximately 20% of the interventions used some form of the following technology: information and communication technology (48%), interactive technology (37%), or electronic gauges (30%). Eighteen percent of studies used intervention strategies based on behavioral theory, which was typically combined with technology to promote activity and increase adherence in generally larger study samples. The three prevailing theories included social cognitive theory (58%), supportive accountability theory (21%), and transtheoretical model (21%). Upon completing the intervention, studies reported primarily significant outcomes (80%). Exercise research for PWD has grown in both quantity and quality, but several gaps remain. Study findings provide a roadmap for future exercise trials on understudied populations and highlight technology and behavior change theory as drivers of future intervention research.
本综述综合了过去10年针对身体和认知残疾人群的体育活动与运动干预文献，内容包括干预特征、行为改变策略以及用于改善目标结果的技术类型。系统检索得到132项符合条件的研究。主要残疾群体为多发性硬化症（41%）、中风（15%）和脊髓损伤（12%）。研究设计主要涉及随机对照试验（61%）和准实验设计（39%）。约20%的干预使用了以下某种形式的技术：信息与通信技术（48%）、交互技术（37%）或电子测量仪（30%）。18%的研究采用了基于行为理论的干预策略，该策略通常与技术相结合，以促进活动并提高总体上规模较大的研究样本中的依从性。三种主要理论包括社会认知理论（58%）、支持性问责理论（21%）和跨理论模型（21%）。干预结束后，研究报告的主要是显著结果（80%）。针对残疾人士的运动研究在数量和质量上都有所增长，但仍存在一些差距。研究结果为未来针对研究不足人群的运动试验提供了路线图，并突出了技术和行为改变理论作为未来干预研究的驱动因素。
