USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2009 Dec;102(6):2048-55. doi: 10.1603/029.102.0605.
The thermotolerance of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), was evaluated by subjecting larvae and prepupae to a number of time-temperature regimes. Three independent experiments were conducted during 2006 and 2007 by heating emerald ash borer infested firewood in laboratory ovens. Heat treatments were established based on the internal wood temperature. Treatments ranged from 45 to 65 degrees C for 30 and 60 min, and the ability of larvae to pupate and emerge as adults was used to evaluate the success of each treatment. A fourth experiment was conducted to examine heat treatments on exposed prepupae removed from logs and subjected to ambient temperatures of 50, 55, and 60 degrees C for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. Results from the firewood experiments were consistent in the first experiment. Emergence data showed emerald ash borer larvae were capable of surviving a temperatures-time combination up to 60 degrees C for 30 min in wood. The 65 degrees C for 30 min treatment was, however, effective in preventing emerald ash borer emergence on both dates. Conversely, in the second experiment using saturated steam heat, complete mortality was achieved at 50 and 55 degrees C for both 30 and 60 min. Results from the prepupae experiment showed emerald ash borer survivorship in temperature-time combinations up to 55 degrees C for 30 min, and at 50 degrees C for 60 min; 60 degrees C for 15 min and longer was effective in preventing pupation in exposed prepupae. Overall results suggest that emerald ash borer survival is variable depending on heating conditions, and an internal wood temperature of 60 degrees C for 60 min should be considered the minimum for safe treatment for firewood.
采用多种时间-温度处理方案对翡翠灰螟幼虫和预蛹进行热耐受性评估。2006 年和 2007 年期间，在实验室烘箱中加热受翡翠灰螟感染的薪柴，开展了 3 项独立实验。根据内部木材温度设定热处理方案。处理温度范围为 45 至 65°C，持续 30 和 60 分钟，幼虫化蛹和羽化为成虫的能力用于评估每种处理的效果。还开展了第 4 项实验，以研究从原木中取出并暴露于环境温度为 50、55 和 60°C 下 15、30、45 和 60 分钟的预蛹的热处理。薪柴实验的结果在第 1 次实验中是一致的。成虫数据表明，翡翠灰螟幼虫在木材中能够承受高达 60°C 持续 30 分钟的温度-时间组合。然而，65°C 持续 30 分钟的处理在这两个日期均有效防止了翡翠灰螟的成虫出现。相反，在使用饱和蒸汽热的第 2 次实验中，50 和 55°C 持续 30 和 60 分钟的处理均实现了完全死亡。预蛹实验的结果表明，翡翠灰螟在温度-时间组合中存活至 55°C 持续 30 分钟，50°C 持续 60 分钟；60°C 持续 15 分钟及以上可有效防止暴露预蛹化蛹。总体结果表明，翡翠灰螟的存活率取决于加热条件，内部木材温度达到 60°C 持续 60 分钟应被视为安全处理薪柴的最低要求。
