USDA-ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, 501 South Chapel St., Newark, DE 19713, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2013 Oct;106(5):2101-8. doi: 10.1603/ec13131.
The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an invasive beetle from Asia causing large scale ash (Fraxinus) mortality in North America, has been extremely difficult to rear in the laboratory because of its long life cycle and cryptic nature of immature stages. This lack of effective laboratory-rearing methods has not only hindered research into its biology and ecology, but also mass production of natural enemies for biological control of this invasive pest. Using sticks from the alternate host plant, Fraxinus uhdei (Wenzig) Lingelsh, we characterized the stage-specific development time and growth rate of both emerald ash borer eggs and larvae at different constant temperatures (12-35 degrees C) for the purpose of developing effective laboratory-rearing methods. Results from our study showed that the median time for egg hatching decreased from 20 d at 20 degrees C to 7 d at 35 degrees C, while no emerald ash borer eggs hatched at 12 degrees C. The developmental time for 50% of emerald ash borer larvae advancing to third, fourth, and J-larval stages at 20 degrees C were 8.3, 9.1, and 12.3 wk, respectively, approximately two times longer than at 30 degrees C for the corresponding instars or stages. In contrast to 30 degrees C, however, the development times of emerald ash borer larvae advancing to later instars (from oviposition) were significantly increased at 35 degrees C, indicating adverse effects of this high temperature. The optimal range of ambient temperature to rear emerald ash borer larvae should be between 25-30 degrees C; however, faster rate of egg and larval development should be expected as temperature increases within this range.
外来入侵物种亚洲天牛，学名 Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire，因其生命周期长且幼虫阶段形态隐秘，在北美造成大规模白蜡树（Fraxinus）死亡，故其在实验室中极难饲养。这种缺乏有效实验室饲养方法的情况不仅阻碍了对其生物学和生态学的研究，也阻碍了用于生物控制这种入侵害虫的天敌的大规模生产。我们使用替代宿主植物白蜡树（Fraxinus uhdei（Wenzig）Lingelsh）的枝条，以不同恒定温度（12-35 摄氏度）为目的，对 Emerald ash borer 卵和幼虫的特定发育时间和生长速率进行了研究，从而开发出有效的实验室饲养方法。研究结果表明，卵孵化的中位时间从 20 摄氏度时的 20 天减少到 35 摄氏度时的 7 天，而 12 摄氏度时则没有 Emerald ash borer 卵孵化。 Emerald ash borer 幼虫在 20 摄氏度下 50%进入第三、第四和 J 龄的发育时间分别为 8.3、9.1 和 12.3 周，比 30 摄氏度下相应龄期或阶段长约两倍。然而，与 30 摄氏度相比，Emerald ash borer 幼虫进入后期龄期（从产卵开始）的发育时间在 35 摄氏度时显著增加，表明高温对其产生不利影响。饲养 Emerald ash borer 幼虫的最佳环境温度范围应为 25-30 摄氏度；然而，在这个范围内，随着温度的升高，卵和幼虫的发育速度应该会加快。
