Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:371-83 4 p following 383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090830.
After considerable declines in teen birth and pregnancy rates between 1991 and 2005, teen birth rates rose unexpectedly in 2006 and 2007. To understand these recent trends, we examined historical changes in fertility, trends in sexual behaviors, social forces, and public policies that may influence teen fertility. Although social forces such as poverty are critical in shaping adolescent reproductive choices, these do not explain rapid change in teen pregnancy risk since 1991. These recent changes, including increases in teen births since 2005, follow closely changes in teen contraceptive use. Likewise, contraceptive use is critical in explaining differences between U.S. and European fertility patterns. Public policies related to HIV prevention and sexuality education may have played a critical role in influencing teen pregnancy risk.
自 1991 年至 2005 年，青少年的出生率和怀孕率大幅下降，但 2006 年和 2007 年，青少年出生率却出人意料地出现反弹。为了了解这些近期的趋势，我们研究了生育率的历史变化、性行为趋势、可能影响青少年生育力的社会力量和公共政策。尽管贫困等社会力量对塑造青少年的生殖选择至关重要，但这些因素并不能解释自 1991 年以来青少年怀孕风险的快速变化。自 2005 年以来，包括青少年出生率的上升在内的这些近期变化，与青少年避孕措施的使用变化密切相关。同样，避孕措施对于解释美国和欧洲生育率模式之间的差异至关重要。与艾滋病毒预防和性教育相关的公共政策可能在影响青少年怀孕风险方面发挥了关键作用。
