RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90407, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Jun 1;109(1-3):239-42. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.017. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
Studies showing that adolescents are more likely to smoke if they have friends who smoke typically infer that this is the result of peer influence. However, it may also be due to adolescents choosing friends who have smoking behaviors similar to their own (i.e., selection). One of the most influential studies of influence and selection effects on smoking concluded that these processes contribute about equally to peer group homogeneity in adolescent smoking (Ennett and Bauman, 1994). The goal of this study was to conduct a partial replication of these findings.
Data are from 1223 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Spectral decomposition techniques identified friendship cliques, which were then used as the unit of analysis to examine influence and selection effects over a one-year period.
Non-smokers were more likely to become smokers if they initially belonged to a smoking (vs. non-smoking) group, and smokers were more likely to become non-smokers if they initially belonged to a non-smoking (vs. smoking) group, indicating an influence effect on both initiation and cessation. Further, group members who changed groups between waves were more likely to select groups with smoking behavior congruent to their own, providing evidence of a selection effect.
While our results generally replicate the group analyses reported by Ennett and Bauman (1994), they suggest that peer influence and selection effects on adolescent smoking may be much weaker than assumed based on this earlier research.
研究表明，如果青少年有吸烟的朋友，他们更有可能吸烟，这通常表明这是同伴影响的结果。然而，这也可能是因为青少年选择了与自己吸烟行为相似的朋友（即选择）。对吸烟对青少年影响和选择效应最有影响力的研究之一得出结论，这些过程对青少年吸烟的同伴群体同质性的贡献大致相等（Ennett 和 Bauman，1994 年）。本研究的目的是对这些发现进行部分复制。
数据来自全国青少年健康纵向研究的 1223 名参与者。光谱分解技术确定了友谊集团，然后将其用作分析单位，以在一年的时间内检查影响和选择效应。
如果最初属于吸烟（与不吸烟）群体，非吸烟者更有可能成为吸烟者，如果最初属于不吸烟（与吸烟）群体，吸烟者更有可能成为非吸烟者，这表明对起始和戒烟都有影响。此外，在波之间改变群体的群体成员更有可能选择与自己吸烟行为一致的群体，这为选择效应提供了证据。
虽然我们的结果总体上复制了 Ennett 和 Bauman（1994 年）报告的群体分析，但它们表明，同伴对青少年吸烟的影响和选择效应可能比基于这项早期研究假设的要弱得多。
